Chapter 10 Quiz 1

1. The Renaissance in Italy
   A. the Italian states thrived because of ____ trade; wealth allowed for patronage which lead to cultural Renaissance.
   B. Renaissance-transition from Medieval to ____ times.

B. Renaissance
   1. Middle Ages - fragmented ____ society with agricultural economy; ____ dominated thought and culture.
   2. Renaissance was charachterized by a growing ____ consciousness, an urban economy based on organized ____ and capitalism and there was a movement towards secular thought and culture.
   3. Two events sparked the Renaissance
       a. death of Petrarch - the father of ____ and the death of Boccaccio; thereafter civic humanism spread throughout Italy and into ____ Europe.

C. The Italian city-state
   1. geography - natural ____ between east and west.
      a. ____ rich cities became powerful city-states that dominated political and economic life.
   2. growth of city-states
      a. propapal and proimperial forces fought and weakened each other allowing for ____ to dominate the state.
      b. 5 major states - Dutch of Milan, Republic of Florence, Venice, the Papal states, and Kingdom of Naples.
   3. Social Class and conflict
      a. "grandi"-old rich; ____ and nobles
      b. "popolo grosso"-____ rich; capitalists and bankers
      c. middle-burgher; guild masters, shop owners and pros
      d. "popolo minuto" - ____
        1. Ciompi Revolt - uprising of the poor fueled by the feuding between old rich and new rich, the ____, and the collapse of the great banking houses- Bandi and Peruzzi
   4. despotism and diplomacy - to ____ internal social conflict and foriegn intrigue from paralyzing the cities, dominat groups hired ____ or despots known as podesta to maintain law and order and allow buisness to flourish
      a. operated through ____  armies known as condottieri
      b. led to the ____ of diplomacy - vreated embassies and had ambassadors.

D. Humanism-the study of the Latin and ____ classics and of the ancient Church fathers for its own sake and to ____ norms and values
   1. advocated studia humanitatis - liberal arts program of study
      a. the byzantine scholar Manuel Chrysolaras opened up the world of Greek scholarship to Italien humanists by teaching in Florence. ____ coined the term humanitas
      b. this revival in culture was more ____ , had broader interests, had more reference material, and the people involved had far superior technical skills than earlier rebirths.
     c. these intellectuals connected classical and modern thought to end the ____.
   2. Great Humanists
      a. Petrarch - father of humanism; lived around Avignon; wrote Letters to the Ancient Dead, Africa, and lives of Illustrious Men.
      b. ____ - wrote Vita Nuovo and Divine Comedy; along with Petrarch formed the cornerstone of vernacular literature.
      c. Giovanni Boccaccio - wrote Decameron and assembled Greek and Roman ____