Chapter 15

it transports a fluid called lymph through special vessels called lymphatic capillaries and lymphatics

essential to helping us control and destroy a large number of microorganisms that can invade our bodies

the lymphatic system consists of the ___

it  drains from tissue spaces protein-containing fluid that escapes from blood capillaries

plasma that moves out of the capillaries and into spaces between tissue cells

occurs when the interstitial fluid is not drained from the tissue spaces

drains the interstitial fluid in the tissue spaces

once the interstitial fluid enters a lymphatic capillary, it is called ___

lymphatic vessels in the villi that absorbs fats and transport them from the digestive tract to the blood

lymph in the lacteals look milky because of the fat content and is called ___

they originate as blind-end tubes that begin in spaces between cells in most parts of the body

tubes which are closed at one end and occur singly or in extensive plexuses

forms when lymphatic capillaries unite to form larger lymph vessels

they resemble veins in structure but have thinner walls and more valves

lymphatics of the skin travel in ___ and generally follow the routes of ___

lymphatics of the viscera generally follow the routes of ___

two main channels where all the lymphatics of the body converge

they are oval to bean-shaped structures found along the length of lymphatics

lymph nodes are also known as

length of lymph nodes

the three regions of aggregations of nodes in the body

depression in the lymph node

it is where efferent lymphatic vessels leave and a nodal artery enters and a nodal vein leaves

capsular extensions that cover the lymph node

these are lymphatic vessels that enter the lymphatic node at various sites

cells that make up dense aggregations of tissue

these are spaces between groups of lymphatic tissue

it is the framework of the lymph node

they remove dead microorganisms and foreign substances by phagocytosis

united efferent vessels

results when the lymphatics become obstructed by blockage, developing interstitial fluid in tissue spaces

lymphatic trunks of the body

drains lymph from the lower extremities and the walls and viscera of the pelvis, the kidneys and adrenal glands and abdominal wall

drains lymph from the stomach, intestines, pancreas, spleen and surface of the liver

drains thorax, lungs, heart, diaphragm and the rest of the liver

helps drain lymph from portions of the thorax

drains the upper extremities

drains the head and neck

it is the main collecting duct of the system

these are masses of lymphoid tissue embedded in mucous membrane

these are the ones commonly removes in a tonsillectomy

located in the tonsillar fosae

they are located close to the internal opening of the nasal cavity

other term for pharyngeal tonsils

they are located at the back surface of the tongue at its base

it is oval in shape and is the single largest mass of lymphatic tissue n the body

length of the spleen

slightly concave border

phagocytizes bacteria and worn out patelets and red blood cels

bilobed mass of tisue located in the mediastinum along the trachea behind the sternum

it is the site for lymphocyte production and maturation

helps develop T lymphocytes in the fetus

Peyer's patches is also known as

they are found in the wall of the small intestine

it is the ability of the body to resist infection from the disease-causing microorganism or pathogens

these are the results of the body's lymphoid tissue

the bulk of the lymphoid tissue is located in the ___

these are cells that produce antibodies and provide humoral immunity

effective against circulating bacterial and viral infections

b lymphocytes that enter tissues are called

they are responsible for providing cellular immuity

these cells come from thymus gland

this type of immunity is effective against fungi, parasites, intracellular viral infections, cancer cells and foreign tissue implants

these are foreign proteins that gain access to our bodies via cuts and scapes

high molecular weight proteins that destroy foreign invaders

they are formed in response to an enormous number of antigens

they have a basic structure of four amino acid chains linked together by disulfide bonds

400 amino acids

half as long as heavy chains

it is found in tissue fluid and plasma and attacks viruses, bacteria and toxins

it is found in exocrine secretions, nasal fluid, tears, gastric and intestinal juice, bile, breast milk and rine

develops in blood plasma as a response to bacteria of antigens in food

it is found in the surface of B lymphocytes ad is important in B cell activation

associated with allergic reactions, attacking allergy-causing antigens

this is when B lymphocytes come in contact with antigens and produce antibodies against them

it contains either killed pathogens or live but weak pathogens

it is when a fetus receives its mother's antibodies

it is a major role for macrophages and is absolutely necessary for activation and clonal response of the T cells

they are formed by replicating B cell and produce a huge number of same antibody

T cells that bind with specific antigens presented by macrophages

they stimulate the production of killer T cells

kill virus-invaded body cells and cancerous cells and also involved in graft rejection

slows down activities of B and T cells

descendants of activated T and B cells produced during initial immune response

engulf and digest antigens

released by sensitized t lymphocytes