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misol
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taxonomy
name to group them (morphology)
is a changing science b/c we're constantly learning who's related to who
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systematics
grouped according to evolutionary traits
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Taxonomy hierarchical system
- Domain
- Super Group
- Phyla
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genera/Genus
- Species
Decadent sensual king Phillip came over for great sex
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Canis lupis (binomial nomenclature)
capitalize Genus lowercase species both underlined
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Phylogenetic Tree
- evolutionary history of a species or group of species
- *is a hypothesis and is subject to change
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anagenesis
1 species has continuous change and where you start and end don't interbreed
-->-->-->-->
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cladogenesis
- start with 1 and diverge into 2 specieis (ie branching of finches with Darwin)
- genetic change, then environment acts upon that
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Monophyletic group (clades)
one family, take branch from bottom of tree (can have smaller clade)
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Paraphyletic
some but not all descendants
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polyphyletic
many families maybe not some ancestors
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over time taxonomic groups will be reorganized to only be monophyletic
yupp....that might be a thing
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homology
- traits from similar origin
- ie limbs of bat wings, human arms, and cat front leg = evo devo!
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morphological analysis
convergent evolution
- traits arise independently due to adaptations to similar environments (ie wing of penguin, fin of fish, dolphin flapper)
- similar appearance but different use
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Molecular Systematics
Analysis of DNA and AA sequences
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Cladistics
- Study and classification of species based
- on evolutionary relationships
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memorize this and be able to answer questions
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horizontal gene transfer
- DNA from SOME OTHER organism
- no common ancestor
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Vertical evolution
- descent from COMMON ancestor
- Parent to offspring
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