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What are the 3 classes of sensory receptors?
- exterocepters
- interocepters
- proprioceptors
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What do sensory receptors do?
use sensory information to generate a reflex
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Exteroceptors:
- detect stimuli from the outside
- ex: sense (touch, taste, smell, hearing, vision)
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Interoceptors:
- detect stimuli from the inside
- ex: blood pressure
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Proprioceptors:
- specialized class of interoceptors
- ex: muscle memory
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Nociceptors:
pain receptors
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Thermoreceptors:
temperature receptors
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Chemoreceptors:
chemicals
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Mechanoreceptors:
stimuli that distort plasma membranes
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How do somatic sensations work?
stimulus > receptor > apharent > epharent > response
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somatic sensation of pain:
conscious perception of a noxious stimuli
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What body system does pain not occur in?
central nervous system
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receptor for pain:
nocicpeter nerve ending
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reaction threshold for pain:
highly variable among individuals
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diversion of pain:
- decrease in pain perception
- ex: twitch
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visceral pain:
inside body
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referred pain:
surface of skin
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olfactory region:
mucous membrane of nasal cavity that includes the olfactory nerve
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macrosmatic:
heightened sense of smell detection
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microsmatic:
less sophisticated sense of smell detection
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anosmatic:
without sense of smell
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vomeronasal organ:
- detects pheromones in the air
- sits on hard pallete in the mouth
- by-passes hypothalamus and goes straight to CNS
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What are pheromones?
- detectable chemicals that cause changes in animal behavior
- scent glands, communication, reproduction
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gustation sensory:
sense of taste
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gustation receptors:
- taste cells
- cluster: taste buds
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4 basic taste sensations:
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importance of saliva:
- lubricates food as it goes down
- buffers stomach contents
- helps dilute chemicals so they can be individually detected
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auditory sensory:
- specialized sense of hearing
- uses sound waves
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How is sound recepted?
- sound wave enters external ear
- waves hit ear drum and causes vibrations
- motion travels from middle ear to vestibule
- vibration hits fluid-filled sack and goes to cochlear nerve
- nerve sends transmission to central nervous system
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visual sensory receptors:
eyes
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visual sensory stimulus:
light
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external ear:
- locates sound
- made of elastic cartilage
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middle ear:
- detects sound
- hollow chamber filled with air
- has bones and muscles that help send vibrations
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inner ear:
recognizes sounds
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external layer of the eye:
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middle layer of eye:
- vascular
- ciliary body & muscles, lense, iris, choroid
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internal layer of eye:
- neural
- retina (light processing)
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tepetum lucidum:
translucent coating behind the retina
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what does field of vision depend on:
how they eye is set on the skull
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afferent system:
- aka sensory neurons
- receive information from the outside and sends them to other neurons so the body can produce a response
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efferent system:
- aka motor neurons
- receive info from other neurons and sends that information to effectors (muscles, glands) which produce a reponse
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perception of frontal cortex:
conscious perception
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perception of hypothalmus and amygdala:
- emotional perception
- motivational
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perception of hippocampus:
memories
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What part of the ear contains fluid?
vestibular portion
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What bones are in the ear?
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What part of the eye detects color?
retina
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rods show:
black and white
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What part of the eye lets light in?
cornea
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What controls amount of light?
lens
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translucent coating behind the retina:
tapetum ludicum
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Which sense organs can be coupled together?
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