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Circadian Rhythm
The biological clock; regular body rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle
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REM Sleep
Rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage that during which vivid dreams commonly occur
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Who found out about REM Sleep?
Eugene on his 8 year old son Armond Aserinsky with an EEG.
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What else is REM sleep known as and why?
Paradoxical Sleep because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.
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Alpha Waves
Relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.
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Sleep
Periodic, natural loss of consciousness
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Describe William Dement's experiment
- Dement made a sleep deprived young man lie down with his eyelids taped back.
- He told him to press a button everytime a strobe light flashed in his eyes.
- After a few minutes the man missed one and said it was because there was no flash.
- There was a flash, he had just missed it because he fell asleep for 2 seconds.
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Hallucinations
- False sensory experiences
- Such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
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Delta Waves
Large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep
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NREM Sleep
- Non-rapid eye movement sleep
- Encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep
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SCN
- Suprachiasmatic Nucelus
- Pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm
- Light intensity causes the SCN to cause the pineal gland to adjust melatonin production, thus modifying our feelings of sleepiness
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In what stage of sleep are likely to experience hypnagogic sensations of falling?
NREM-1
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Insomnia
- Persistent problems in falling or stay asleep
- Is not a disorder, it is a symptom for a deeper underlying disorder
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Narcolepsy
- Sleep disorder with uncontrollable sleep attacks
- The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep
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Sleep Apnea
Sleep disorder with unaware temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
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Night Terrors
- Sleep disorder with high arousal and an appearance of being terrified
- They are seldom remembered
- Targets mostly children
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How are Night Terrors different from Nightmares?
They occur during NREM-3 sleep, within two or 3 hours of falling asleep and are seldom remembered
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Dream
Sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind
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Why do we dream?
(5)
- To satisfy our own wishes
- To file away memories
- To develop and preserve neural pathways
- To make sense of neural static
- To reflect cognitive development
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Why do we need sleep and what kind of psychologist would say this?
(5)
- To protect us-Evolutionist
- To help us recuperate-Biological
- To help us restore and rebuild our fading memories of the day's experiences-Cognitive
- To feed our creative thinking-Cognitive
- To support our growth-Biological
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Manifest Content
Remembered storyline of our dreams according to Freud
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Latent Content
The underlying meaning of a dream according to Freud
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REM Rebound
The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation
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Consciousness
Awareness we have about ourselves and within our enviroment
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Being able to process only one conscious thought at a time
Selective Attention
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Why is daydreaming good?
(2)
- It is healthy and necessary
- We are filing away new memories
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Most vital portion of sleep
REM sleep
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When light activates the Penial gland after you just woke up from dreaming what happens?
You won't remember your dream
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The 5 Stages of sleep is also known as...
The 90 minute cycle
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Seasonal depression
Seasonal Affective Disorder
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What is the treatment for Seasonal Affective Disorder?
Phototherapy or light therapy
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What does the 25th hour have to do with?
Unnatural lighting
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What makes us finally sleep?
- Light Intensity
- Pineal Gland
- Melatonin
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How does Light Intensity affect us?
- Light intensity causes us to either increase or decrease melatonin production.
- If it's dark outside melatonin is increased.
- If it's bright outside melatonin is decreased.
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Why do we fall asleep gradually?
Because Melatonin passes through the bloodstream
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Stage 1
(5)
- Alpha Waves
- Slowing of breathing
- Increased brain activity
- Lasts about 10 minutes
- Very relaxed state
- Minor Hallucinations
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Stage 2
(3)
- Beta Waves
- Sleep Spindles-twitches
- Last about 10-15 minutes
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Stage 3
(2)
- Some say it does not exist because it's so short
- Less than 5 minutes
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Stage 4
(4)
- Delta Waves
- Deep sleep
- Can occur with eyes open
- Longest stage (lasts about 30-35 minutes)
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What type of things can happen during Stage 4?
- Sleepwalking
- Bedwetting
- Night Terrors
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Adult Bed Wetting
Enurisis
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Hyposomnia
Wants to sleep a lot
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How to cure Insomnia
(3)
- Exercise
- Eat healthy
- Try to go to bed on the same schedule regularly
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Theory of Narcolepsy?
It is linked to the lack of the neurotransmitter called Hypocretin.
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Sleep Apnea treatments?
(3)
- Oxygen Mask
- Removal of Tonsils and Uvula
- Weight loss
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Night Terror treatments?
None, the child will grow out of it
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What is the problem with Freudian Dream Theory?
(3)
- He interpreted everyone's dreams differently
- Very unscientific/too vague
- Too much introspection
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Wish-fulfillment
Dreams provide a psychic safety valve to discharge unacceptable feelings
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Information-processing
Dreams help us sort out the day's events and consolidate our memories
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Physiological Function
Regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may help develop and preserve neural pathways
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Neural Activation
REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories which our sleeping brain weaves into stories
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Cognitive Development
Dream content reflects dreamers' cognitive development - their knowledge and understanding
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