-
Id is to _______ as ego is to _________.
pleasure principle; reality principle
-
Which of the following is the earliest of Freuds psychosexual stages
the oral stage
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Karen has an anal fixation. This fixation may express itself in Karen's adult behaviors of:
being overly neat, stingy and orderly
-
Alfred Adler believed that:
moderate feelings of inferiority will result in constructive achievement and creative growth
-
Freuds Prospective on personality development has been criticized:
all these statements are criticism of Freud's perspective on personality
-
The validity of Gordon Allport's _________ describing how we behave across all situations has been called into question since he had difficulty finding these traits in all people he studied.
cardinal traits
-
Brandon is rigid, reliable, sober and controlled. According to Hans Eysenck, Brandon is
introverted
-
which of the following is not one of the core dimensions proposed by Costa and Robert McCrae's five factor theory?
honesty
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According to current research, differing levels of neurotransmitter _________ may account for differences in the way we seek out levels of arousal.
dopamine
-
the trait perspective of personality has been critized because
it does not explain why we behave in a particular way
-
According to Albert Bandura's reciprocal determinism, personality is the product of which of the following
the environment, one's behaviors and one's thoughts
-
Which of the following statements is not consistent with Albert Bandura's veiws.
If you think you will succeed then you will succeed
-
Nick is not sure whether he will get into graduate school.
an external locus of control
-
locus of control theory
internal locus of control=higher academic achievement than external locus of control
-
which of the following students are most likely to excel in school
jane has high efficiency for school and has an internal locus of control
-
which of the following personality perspectives/approaches viewed itself as the third force in American psychology
the humanistic perspective
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which of the following situations cannot be easily explained by Maslows heirarchy
why gahndi starved himself for his beliefs
-
Jordan is not very good at sports
reject sportts because she is not very good at them
-
According to Carl Rogers, the opinions and values of important people in our lives (parents, teachers, siblings, or other relatives) are:
incorporated into our valuing process because we desire their love and affection.
-
Which of the following is not a criticism of the humanistic approach?
there is too much emphasis placed on unconscious process to explain behaviors
-
Many psychologists use a computer analigy to help them understand the mind. Using computers in this manner:
is useful because there are many obvious parallels between computers and the mind
-
forming memories and being able to recall them in the future depends upon
encoding, storing, and retrieving information
-
Which if the following is an example of implicit memory
Sarah met her mother and fathers old friend
-
Paying attention to a sensory stumulus transfers information from _____ memory to _____ memory .
sensory/short term
-
David heard a list of words
the primary effect/the recency effect
-
Crailk and Lockharts (1772) levels of processing model
elaborative rehearsal
-
In a multi-component working memory model, the portion of this system that coordinates the actions of the subordinate subsystem and integrates information coming in from these systems is called
the central executive
-
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the manner inn which we encode information in long term memory?
we more often encode longterm memories semantically in terms of the meanings of the information
-
Laura remembers how to find the area of may geographic shapes. This represents
semantic memory
-
Researcher Penelope Davis (1999) investigated
that compared to men, women are better at recalling emotional childhood memories.
-
PET scan studies conducted while people performed semantic and episodic memory tasks:
suggest that episodic and semantic memory seem to stem from activity in different parts of the brain
-
H.M was an adult male who suffered from epilepsy.
The surgery left him with anterograde amnesia
-
Phoebe was watching a movie and noticed a familiar female actor
cue dependent forgetting
-
Researchers who investigate the repression of memories for childhood sexual abuse have found
the experimental data are
-
when comparing recognition and recall tasks we find
that recognition tasks involve stronger probes than recall tasks
-
Proactive interference occurs when
older information inhibits
-
the decay theory of forgetting
may not accurately explain
-
in investigating the biological basis of flashbulb memories, researchers have found
during these events that act upon amygdala
-
which of the following most accurately captures the nature of human memory?
memory is MORE THAN reconstructive
-
The events of September 11, 2001 were very traumatic
people's reports of how long it took the towers to fall after the plane hit the first tower were inaccurate
-
According to cognitive consistency theories:
humans find it uncomfortable when there are inconsistencies....
-
if you are watching a news conference in which a president laying out a new financial plan
the central route to persuasion
-
we tend to be
most persuaded when the person is attractive
-
when making attributions
humans often use shortcuts
-
The tendency to rely more on trait attributions and to discount .....
the fundamental attribution error
-
you and your coworker just received unexpected raises at work
must be benefiting from higher corporate profits
-
the refusal to higher a person for a position because he or she belongs to a particular racial group is called
discrimination
-
The ________ argues that if people from different groups are just allowed to interact then prejudice will be reduced
contact hypothesis
-
In the robert caves experiment, the researchers tampered with water pipes and had the Eagles and the Rattlers work together to re-establish water to the camp...
a superordinate goal
-
In your dorm or apartment building, you are most likely to become friends with
people who live within a few apartments or rooms of your room
-
When choosing a romantic partner, we tend to gravitate toward people who
similar age, social economic status, and attitudes
-
George has a painting that his girlfriend gave him for his birthday....
the more george will state to like the painting
-
What was the minimun number of people necessary to produce the maximum amount of conformity, According to Asch's research?
3
-
Which of the following statements is true about conformity
Conformity tends to decrease when people are allowed to respond anonymously
-
_________ occurs when a group fixate on one decision and members assume that they must be correct in their decisions
groupthink
-
Yielding to a demand is called
obedience
-
Which of the following is an example of door in the face compliance
perceptual contrast between two requests
-
In Milgrams obedience studies
the experimenter calmly requested the participants continue following the orders
-
Among developing countries, the United States is considered to be
an aggressive society
-
Dr. Clark listen to clients stories about wanting more money...
unconditional positive regard
-
Wgich of the following is true regarding the factors that affect obedience?
more likely to comply with the request to administer larger shocks because they had already to smaller shocks
-
Cater is afraid of taking exams
client centered therapy
-
Showing high school students who drink alcohol and drive pictures of car crashes and resulting injuries
picture therapy
-
which of the following is not part of rational-emotive therapy
using aversion therapy to keep people from having irrational beliefs in the future.
-
Aaron Beck's therapy views
the client and therapist as a collaborative team
-
Cognitive behavior therapy has bee highly effective in treating______
anxiety and depression
-
Which of the following accurately captures beliefs of family therapists
each person in the family has roles, expectaions
-
Which of the following is true regarding self help groups?
About 2-3 percent of the U.S
-
Which of the following is not part of ration- emotive therapy
a behavior therapy approach since any method that uses any aspect of behavior therapy is labeled as such
-
the effectiveness of therapy is related to the
characteristics of the therapist and the client
-
The central assumption of ______ is that underlying psychological factors.....
all psychotherapies
-
Dr. whitman administers biological therapies, indicating that she is a
licensed psychiatrist
-
Confidentiality with clients
must be violated if a therapist
-
Which if the following is true about people who seek therapy
only about half of the people receiving therapy in a given year are diagnosed with a psychological disorder
-
the goal of psychoanalytic therapies is
to change the maladaptive behavior by uncovering unconscious conflict
-
Keisha has been as been asked by her therapist to talk about her mother
free association
-
Modern Psychoanalysis
involves rapidly interviewing and questioning
-
Humanists believe all of the following except
that behavior is driven by impulses
-
which description best fits the role of the therapist in client-centered therapy?
The therapist is all knowing, directive, and responsible for client change
-
Reflection
involves restating, repeating or summarizes the thoughts and feelings that the
-
The criterion used by many psychologists in distinguishing normal from abnormal behavior is:
all these criteria are used including whether a behavior interferes with a person's ability to function and/ or cause oneself or others distress
-
Which of the following statements is true regarding normal and abnormal behavior?
Not all behaviors that violate norms in the U.S are considered abnormal worldwide
-
Psychological theories of abnormal behavior include all of the following except
the belief that abnormal
-
Dr. Conde theorizes that pedophilia is taking a new form in developed countries due to internet access
a theory that focuses on sociocultural issues
-
Which viewpoint really explains abnormal behavior?
no single theory or perspective s right
-
When a person receives a diagnosis based on the Dsm
the labeling of the person with a mental health problem with a mental health disorder
-
Judith is a single working mother who is experiencing extreme stress
axis I of the DSM-IV-TR
-
The DSM model
is not perfect
-
__________ is the fear of being in places from which escape might be difficult
Agoraphobia
-
Gillians life seems to be filled with excessive anxiety and worry
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
-
Research indicates that people with Generalized Anxiety Disorder tend to make maladaptive assumptions
a cognitive based explaination of anxiety disorders
-
Lacy is suffering from major depression
a change in motor functioning
-
Bipolar disorders are
just as likely to occur in men as women
-
Which of the following is true regarding schizophrenia
Schizophrenia symptoms and episodes tend to decline as a person ages
-
Janice has hallucinations. She is likely to:
hear voices or other sounds
-
All of the following are subtypes of schizophrenia listed in the DSM-IV-TR EXCEPT
multiple personality disorder
-
Which of the following is not true about schizophrenia?
they have been found to have no structural differences in their brains that would distinguish them from the brains of non schizophrenic individuals
-
People with Dissociative Identity Disorders
all the answers are correct
-
One striking similarity among people with DID is chronic childhood physical and or sexual
- chronic childhood physical and or sexual abuse by family members
-
Since 1980
there has been an increased number of reported cases of dissociative identity disorder
-
Tamara, age 45, suffered from a case of encephalitis, which did permanent damage to her brain
did not occur during her childhood
-
Jordan learned a Shakespearean monologue for a drama class in tenth grade
no guarantee that she will remember this forever
-
Samatha is a normal three year old who does not always act the way her parents her to in a restaurant
all of the answers are correct
-
Which of the following is considered to be the simplest form of learning?
habituation
-
Which of the following situations involve dishabituation
James has been hearing the car alarm for some time, he immediately turns his head to the new sound
-
Physical Therapists often use habituation techniques to help people overcome chronic motion sickness by
repeatedly exposinh clients to the stimulation
-
Which of the following is adaptive when it comes to out response to environmental stimuli
all the answers are correct
-
______ is defined as learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditional stimulus
classical conditioning
-
Through the process of classical conditioning, the _____ becomes a ________
conditional response
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