Chapter 17 blood

Most common white blood cell found in whole blood.

Mounts an immune response by direct cell attack or via antibodies.

Kills parasitic worms.

Becomes a macrophage

Main bacteria killer during acute infection

Nucleus has two lobes; contains granules of lysosomal enzymes; functions in attacking parasitic worms

Nucleus is multilobed; functions as a phagocyte; contains fine indistinct granules

Transports CO2 and oxygen.

Contains a U‐ or an S‐shaped nucleus; granules stain very dark; releases histamine and heparin.

Largest of the WBCs; crucial in defense against viruses; associated with chronic infections

The major contributor to plasma osmotic pressure

Thrombin catalyzes the activation of these molecules present in plasma

Forms the structural framework of a blood clot

Makes up most of plasma protein.

Main contributor to osmotic pressure

Antibodies released by plasma cells during immune response

Forms fibrin thread of blood clot

Transport proteins that bind to lipids, metal ions, and fat‐soluble vitamins

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte

MWhite blood cell with dark‐staining nucleus

Protein capable of changing shape and color in the presence of O2.

Adverse reaction of donor blood cells with recipient plasma.

Lacking in hemophilia type A.

Produced by platelets.

A fibrous protein that gives shape to an RBC plasma membrane

Hormone that stimulates production of RBCs

Stimulates WBC production.

Natural anticoagulant found in basophils

Cancerous condition involving white blood cells.

Condition in which blood has abnormally low oxygen‐carrying capacity

Abnormal excess of erythrocytes resulting in an increase in blood viscosity

Free‐floating thrombus in the bloodstream.

The primary source of RBCs in the adult human being is the bone marrow in the shafts of the long bones. T OR F

Leukemia refers to cancerous conditions of white blood cells. T OR F
True False

The immediate response to blood vessel injury is clotting. T OR F
True False

The process of fibrinolysis disposes of bacteria when healing has occurred.T OR F
True False

The RBC "graveyard" is the liver. T OR F
True False

Hemorrhagic anemias result from blood loss. T OR F
True False

White blood cells are produced through the action of colony‐stimulating factors. T OR F
True False

Hemoglobin is made up of the protein heme and the red pigment globin. T OR F
True False

Each heme contains an atom of iron and can transport one molecule of oxygen. T OR F
True False

Each hemoglobin molecule can transport two molecules of oxygen. T OR F

Diapedesis is the process by which red blood cells move into tissue spaces from the interior of blood capillaries. T OR F
True False

Positive chemotaxis is a feedback system that signals leukocyte migration into damaged areas. T OR F
True False

A condition of leukocytosis indicates over 11,000 white blood cells per cubic millimeter in the blood. T OR F
True False

Basophils increase in number when parasitic invasion occurs. T OR F
True False

Leukopenia is an abnormally low number of leukocyte. T OR F
True False

A person with type B blood could receive blood from a person with either type B or type O blood. T OR F
True False

Leukocytes move through the circulatory system by amoeboid motion.
True False

Granulocytes called neutrophils are phagocytic and are the most numerous of all white blood cell types. T OR F
True False

All lymphocytes are leukocytes, but not all leukocytes are lymphocytesT OR F
True False

Myelocytic leukemia involves a cancerous condition of lymphocytes T OR F
True False

Which of the following is a pivotal molecule associated with the external surfaces of aggregated platelets and is involved in the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of blood clotting?
A)   Thrombin
B)   PGI2
C)   PF3
D)   Thromboplastin (prothrombin activator)

What is the average normal pH range of blood? 
A)   7.35-7.45
B)   7.75-7.85
C)   8.35-8.45 
D)   4.65-4.75 

The special type of hemoglobin present in fetal red blood cells is
A)   hemoglobin S
B)   hemoglobin A
C)   hemoglobin F 
D)   hemoglobin B 

Which of the choices below is the parent cell for all formed elements of blood?
A)   megakaryocyte
B)   NK cell
C)   polymorphonuclear cell
D)   pluripotent stem cell (hemocytoblast)

Which blood type is called the universal donor? 
A)   A 
B)   AB 
C)   B 
D)   O

Which of the following is a regulatory function of blood? 
A)   transport of metabolic wastes from cells
B)   delivery of oxygen to body cells
C)   prevention of blood loss
D)   maintenance of normal pH in body tissues

Which of the following is a protective
B)  pfunction of blood?
A)  maintenance of body temperature revention of blood loss
C)  maintenance of normal pH in body tissue
D)  maintenance of adequate fluid volume

Which of the statements below is an incorrect or false statement?
A)   When a transfusion reaction occurs, the oxygen‐carrying capacity of the transfused blood cells is disrupted and the clumping of RBCs in small vessels hinders blood flow to tissues beyond those points.
B)   Transfusion of incompatible blood can be fatal.
C)   Blood typing for the Kell, Lewis, and Duffy factors is always done before a blood transfusion.
D)  Unique to the ABO blood group is the presence in the plasma of preformed antibodies.

Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis?
A)   decreased tissue demand for oxygen
B)   hypoxia of EPO‐producing cells
C)   moving to a lower altitude
D)   an increased number of RBCs

As red blood cells age
A)   iron will be excreted by the kidneys
B)   they will eventually be excreted by the digestive system
C)   membranes "wear out" and the cells become damaged
D)   ATP production increases

An individual who is blood type AB negative can
A)   donate to types A, B, and AB, but not to type O
B)   receive any blood type in moderate amounts except that with the Rh antigen
C)   receive types A, B, and AB, but not type O
D)   donate to all blood types in moderate amount

The most abundant plasma protein is
A)  bile
B)  albumin
C)  clotting protein 
D)  globulin

When neither anti‐A sera nor anti‐B sera clot on a blood plate with donor blood, the blood is type
A)   O 
B)   AB 
C)   A 
D)   B

Select the correct statement regarding blood cell formation
A)   Red marrow is the main site of blood cell formation throughout adult life.
B)   Before the seventh month of fetal development, yellow marrow is the main site of blood cell formation.
C)   The main sites of blood cell production in adults are the spleen and the liver.
D)   Yellow marrow is the main site of leukocyte formation.

Blood volume restorers include all of the following except
A)   saline solutions 
B)   albumin 
C)   packed cells
D)   dextran

James has a hemoglobin measurement of 16 g/100 ml blood. This is
A)   normal only if James is an infant
B)   within the normal range
C)   abnormally low
D)   above normal

Which of these is not a normal plasma protein?
A)   thromboplastin
B)   gamma globulin 
C)   fibrinogen
D)   albumin 

All of the following can be expected with polycythemia except
A)   increased blood volume 
B)   high hematocrit 
C)   high blood pressure
D)   low blood viscosity

No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in  A)  eosinophils 
B)  neutrophils
C)  basophils 
D)  monocytes

Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis?
A)   platelet plug formation
B)   fibrinolysis 
C)   coagulation 
D)   vascular spasm

Place the following in correct developmental sequence: 
1. reticulocyte
2. proerythroblast
3. normoblast
4. late erythroblast  
A)   2, 1, 3, 4 
B)   1, 2, 3, 4 
C)   1, 3, 2, 4 
D)   2, 4, 3, 1

A lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and large pale cells called macrocytes, is characteristic of
A)   aplastic anemia
B)   polycythemia
C)   sickle‐cell anemia 
D)   pernicious anemia 

The slowest step in the clotting process is
A)   formation of prothrombin activator
B)   release of PF3
C)   production of fibrin strands
D)   binding fibrin strands

Thromboembolic disorders
A)   include embolus formation, a clot moving within the circulatory system
B)   result in uncontrolled bleeding
C)   include thrombus formation, a clot in a broken blood vessel
D)   are caused by vitamin K deficiency

Which of the following is not a cause of bleeding disorders?
A)   a defect in the clotting cascade
B)   excess secretion of platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)
C)   vitamin K deficiency
D)   thrombocytopenia, a condition of decreased circulating platelets

Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes?
A)   They are the most numerous of the formed elements in blood.
B)   They are nucleated
C)   They are phagocytic.
D)   They have cytoplasmic granules.

Which of the following is true about blood plasma?
A)   It is the same as serum but without the clotting proteins.
B)   It contains about 20 dissolved components.
C)   The main protein component is hemoglobin.
D)   It is about 90% water

Platelets
A)   have multiple nuclei
B)   have a life span of about 120 days
C)   stick to the damaged area of a blood vessel and help seal the break
D)   are the precursors of leukocytes

Which sequence is correct for the following events? 
1. fibrinogen → fibrin
2. clot retraction
3. formation of thromboplastin
4. prothrombin → thrombin 
A)   3, 4, 1, 2 
B)   1, 2, 3, 4 
C)   4, 3, 1, 2 
D)   3, 2, 1, 4

Fred's blood was determined to be AB positive. What does this mean?
A)   Antibodies to A and B are present in the red cells.
B)   He can only receive blood from a donor who is AB positive
C)   His blood lacks Rh factor.
D)   There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma.

Sickling of red blood cells can be produced in those with sickle‐cell anemia by
A)   travel at high altitude
B)   malaria and travel at high altitude
C)   travel at high altitude and vigorous exercise
D)   vigorous exercise

All of the following conditions impair coagulation except
A)   vitamin K deficiency 
B)   liver disease
C)   severe hypocalcemia 
D)   vascular spasm

When can erythroblastosis fetalis not possibly happen in the child of an Rh negative mother?
A)   if the father is Rh‐  
B)   if the child is type O positive
C)   if the child is Rh+  
D)   if the father is Rh+ 

Complications of aplastic anemia generally do not include
A)  suppressed immunity
B)  bleeding disorders
C)  impaired formation of all formed elements D)  increase of leukocytes as a result of erythrocyte loss

Blood is a ________.
A)   heterogeneous compound
B)   suspension
C)   homogeneous compound 
D)   colloid 

What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production?
A)   pancreas 
B)   brain 
C)   liver
D)   kidney 

The formed element ________ can kill parasitic worms.

A(n) ________ is a committed granular leukocyte stem cell that produces neutrophils

The rarest leukocyte is the ________.

Potent platelet aggregates that attract more platelets to the site of an injury are ________ and ________.

The universal recipient blood type is ________.

When monocytes migrate into the interstitial spaces, they are called ________.

Destruction of the hematopoietic components of red marrow leads to a condition called ________.

________ is the stage of development in the life of an erythrocyte during which the nucleus is ejected.

Hemoglobin is composed of ________ polypeptide chains.