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Cell Wall
rigid cellulose box enclosing each plant cell
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chloroplast
membranous structure in many plant cells that produces food by photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll
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cilia
numerous short, hair-like structures projecting from the surface of some cells: coordinated wave-like motion produces movement of cell or materials on surface of cell
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cyclosis
movement of cytoplasm w/in euk cells, generally a circular streaming around large sap vacuole
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epithelium
layer of cells that covers inner or outer surfaces of organs and cavities
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euk cells
have membrane bound organelles, ex animal, plant, fungi, protists
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plasma membrane
forms outer boundary of protoplasm; holds cell contents together and regulates passage of materials in and out of cell
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plastid
membrane bound organelle that functions in carb metab of plant and algal cells; includes chloroplasts (photo) and leucoplasts (starch storage)
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prok cell
cells that contain no membrane bound organelles, includes bacteria and blue green algae
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protoplasm
semifluid substance consisting mainly of water, proteins, lipids, carbs, inorganic salts and suspended organelles
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sap vacuole
large central chamber of plant cells holding water
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turgor
hydrostatic pressure w/in a plant cell caused by pressure of contents against a rigid cell wall
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active transport
movement of moles from low to high conc req energy
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crenation
shrinkage of a red blood cell when place in a hypertonic sol
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diffusion
movement of moles from high to low w/o energy (passive)
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exocytosis
active elimination of large materials
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hypertonic
solution with higher solute concen than the cell, osmosis will occur with cell gaining water
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isotonic
solution having the same solute and solvent concen as the cell no osmosis
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osmosis
water higher to lower concen
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passive transport
movement that req no energy, osmosis
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plasmolysis
shrinkage of protoplasm in a plant cell, usually as a result of loss of water to a hypertonic environment
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turgor
stiffness or rigidity of plant cells caused by cells gaining water and as result of the swelling press against the cell wall
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accessory pigments
plant pigments that abosorb energy from different parts of the light spectrum, may pass the energy on to chlorophyll for photo
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anthocyanin
purple, blue or dark red pigments found in some flowers, leaves
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betacyanin
pigment found in beets, possibly a chemical defense against predators
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carotenoids
accessory pigments of yellow or orange
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glycolysis
conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid, there is a net gain of two ATP molecules
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lactate fermentation
conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid,typicalof muscle cellswhen o2 is limiting
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pyruvic acid
3 carbon product of glucose breakdown during glycolysis
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