Peds Intro EXAM 1

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well bring and not merely the absence of disease

• Number of deaths per 1000 live births in the US
• Neonatal Period: <28 days of life
• Postnatal Period: 28 days to 1 yr

• The biggest determinant of neonatal mortality is low birth weight (LBW)
• LBW=<2500g

Congenital Anomalies

• African-American
• Male Gender
• Short or long gestation
• Maternal Age (younger or older)
• Maternal Education

• Child mortality starts at 1 yr of age
• Unintentional injury is the leading cause, such as: MV crashes, drowning, burns, poisoning, firearms

• May mean acute illness, chronic disease, or disability (this includes psych diagnoses in children)
• Risk factors include: homeless, poverty, chronicly ill, immigrants or adopted children, and children in daycare

• A system that recognizes the entire family as central to the child, including extended family
• Supports, respects, encourages, and enhances the family's strength and competence

• Concept of ENABLING:Building family strengths
• Concept of EMPOWERMENT: Giving family control (or sense of control) over care
• Concept of "atrauma care": Making Hospital care less traumatic (such as pain reduction during procedures)

• Direct Care Provider
• Health teacher- both prevention and promotion through anticipatory guidance
• Support and counseling
• Coordinator of services
• Researcher
• Family Advocate
• Ethical Decision Making

• to be free from discrimination
• to develop physically and mentally in freedom and dignity
• to have a name and a nationality
• to have adequate nutrition, housing, recreation, and medial services
• to receive special treatment if handicapped
• to receive love, understanding, and material security
• to receive an education and develop his/her abilities
• to be the first to receive protection in disaster
• to be protected from neglect, cruelty, and exploitation
• to be brought up in a spirit of friendship among people

• A group of people living in a specific area (people may belong to a number of different communities, ie. school, work, neighborhood)
• A system that includes children, families, the physical environment, educational facilities, and services

• The science of population health applied to detection of mobidity and mortality
• This is an important component in developing health programs according to needs
• Incidence: measures the occurrence of new events in a population over time
• Prevalence: measuring existing events in a population over a time period
• The Epidemiologic Triangle consists of the host, the agent and environmental factors
• -if we can disrupt a corner of the triangle, we have interrupted the disease process

• Interventions that PROTECT from disease or injury
• Such as well child clinics, immunization programs, safety programs, sanitation measures

• Promote EARLY DETECTION and treatment of illness
• Efforts to PREVENT SPREAD of contagious diseases
• Such as TB and lead screenings, isolation from communicable diseases, early intervention programs (such as head start)

• Interventions to OPTIMIZE FUNCTION for children with disability of chronic disease
• Such as asthma management programs, rehabilitation programs, special education programs for children

• Whatever a person makes it to be! (whoever the client says it is!)
• Types of family:
• -Consanguineous-blood relationship
• -Affinal- marital relationship
• Family of origin-family unit born into

• The family is a system that continually interacts with its members and the environment
• Circular causality
• emphasis on interaction
• problems do not lie in one member but in the type of interactions used by the family

• Families encounter stressors both predictable and unpredictable
• With too many stressors for the family to cope adequately, a crisis occurs
• Adaptations required change in family structure or interactions

• Addresses predictable family change over time according to Duvalls family life cycle
• (Beginning family, childbearing family, preschool children, school age children, adolescent children, launching family, middle age parents, retirement)
• Family is a semi-closed system that interacts with larger social system
• Age of the oldest child marks the stage transitions

• Parental roles, role of the extended family, child roles
• Roles are learned through socialization
• Roles are impacted by culture as well

• Achievement oriented
• more dominant
• more self-disciplined
• more socially anxious
• identify more with parents
• greater parental epectations

• Praised less often
• higher demand to help with chores
• more adaptable and compromise

• Popularity
• identify more with peer group
• less dependent than firstborn
• less tense
• more affectionate

• Motivation: social expectation
• Preparation:often times this is limited, you parent like your parents
• Age of parents (18-35 optimal ages)
• Father's involvement
• Support systems

• Authoritative or Dictorial: Parents are strict about rules and do not give leeway or explanations. Child may become shy, sensitive, loyal, and honest
• Permissive or laissez faire: parents have no rules or consequences for children. Children may grow up to be irresponsible, disrespectful and aggressive
• Authoritarian or Democrative: Parents have explanations for rules and make parameters with family input. Children become self-reliant, assertive, and have a high self-esteem

• Establishes rules for behavior
• Positive and Necessary
• Serves to help children: test limits of control, achieve in appropariate areas and levels, channel undesirable feelings constructively, protect selves from danger, learn socially acceptable behavior

• It minimizes misbehavior
• Reasoning, behavior modification (through positive and then negative reinforcement), strategy of consequences, time outs (minutes to match age of child) and corporal punishment (open handed spanking)