Canine & Feline

• Male - Dog
• Female - Bitch
• Unweaned - Welp
• Giving Birth - Welping
• Group - Pack

• Male - Tom
• Female - Queen
• Young - Kitten
• Giving Birth - Queening

• Dog: 60-120
• Cat: 110-130

• Dog: 10-30
• Cat: 20-30

• Dog: 100-102
• Cat: 100-102

• Dog: 11,000
• Cat: 13,000

• Dog: 45
• Cat: 37

• Dog: 14.5
• Cat: 12

• Dog: 60 days
• Cat: 60 days

• Dog: 6 months
• Cat: 15-21 days; induced ovulator

The penis stimulates the vaginal area causing the ovary to release an egg.

• Dog: 15
• Cat: 17

• Dog: 85
• Cat: 75

• Dog: 1-5 minutes
• Cat: 1-5 minutes
• Horse: 3-15 minutes

• - The natural habitat of the causative agent of an infectious disease.
• - Cannot shed the microorganism.
• - Never have symptoms.

• - Can be clinically infected.
• - Can shed microorganisms that cause the disease.
• - Can get disease, or transfer it.

- Reservoirs and carriers are distinguished from the source of infection, which can be any vertebrae, invertebrate, or inanimate object.

Implies spread of a disease following intimate contact with a carrier, or source of infection.

Refers to a diseases ability to spread from an infected individual to susceptible host.

Between members of the same population.

Transmission of succeeding generations through genetic material. In other words, the bitch passes it to her pups inutero.

• 1. Horizontal transmission
• 2. Vertical transmission
• 3. Direct Contact
• 4. Indirect Contact
• 5. Airborne
• 6. Vector Borne

• - Most frequent and important means of spread.
• - Involves direct physical contact, or close approximation between the host and susceptible individuals.

- Involves the transfer of infectious organisms from the carer to a susceptible host by animate or inanimate objects that are known as vehicles, or fomites.

Spread of infection dependent on ability of resistant microorganisms to travel for relatively long distances, or to survive in the environment for extended periods.

Spread by arthropods most commonly that transmit infection from the infected host through its excretes/blood to a susceptible individual.

Vector that transmits an infected agent with out change in agent. (No molts)

Vector that transmits infected agent with molting of that agent occurring inside the vector.

Vector transmits the organism to its progeny/offspring via in ovary, or placenta.

Transmission of etiological agent via milk.

Transmission of infectious etiology from molting stages such as nymph to current host.

Ex: 3rd host, the tick, transmits etiology in nymphal form to 2nd host, the cow.

Emblyoma Americano

Congenital refers to a disease that is present at birth, or develops due to the effects of some etiological factor in the developing embryo, or fetus in mother.

Hereditary refers to a disease/disorder that can be passed from either, or both parents to their offspring.

Kills all lifeforms including spores.

Immersing items in disinfectant solution to reduce level of contaminaton.

• -Any cleaning measure intended to prevent disease and promote health.
• -Kills mostly bacteria.

• -Destruction of most pathogenic microorganisms and bacteria, but not spores.
• - Used on inanimate objects.

• - Disinfectant by definition and contains the same properties.
• - Used on skin.

• 1. Lack of painkillers.
•         -analgesics

• 2. Post surgical infection.
•         -antiseptics

• -1546
• -Suggested that diseases are not an act of God.

• -1676
• -Provided mean of magnification of bacteria.
• -Perfected the scope in later half of century.

• -1762
• -Suggested that specific diseases are caused by specific organisms.

• -1892
• -Discovered viruses.

Diseases occur when a harmful trigger causes loss of normal health, or disrupts tissue, or organ.

Pleuro Pneumonia Like Organisms

• - Viral
• - Bacterial
• - Fungus
• - Metazoan
• - Rickettsial
• - Protozoan
• - Chlamydiae
• - Mycoplasms

• 1. Coccus
• 2. Bacillus
• 3. Spirillum

• - Most animal like of protists.
• - Range in size.

• - Non-chlorophyll bearing plants.
• - Commonly divided under molds and yeast.

• - Unicellular
• - Rigid cell wall

• - Small microbes that are obligate intercellular parasites.
• - Totally dependent on cells of host tissue.

Microorganisms belonging to group that resembles Rickettsiae.

• - Smallest free living organisms.
• - No cell wall.
• - Resistant to antibiotics.

• - Living cells with DNA, or RNA.
• - They do not conform commonly accepted definitions of life forms.

Bacterial vaccine.

• - Genetics
• - Immune System
• - Aging

• - Physical
• - Chemical
• - Infections
• - Enviornmental

• 1. Hereditary
• 2. Congenital
• 3. Deficiency
• 4. Physical Trauma
• 5. Poison
• 6. Metazoan

• - Developmental anomalies of the immune system.
• - Maternal immunity
• - Age at time of exposure.
• - Concurrent illness
• - Nutrition

• 1. Dosage
• 2. Virulance
• 3. Route of Inoculation

• - Population density
• - Sanitation
• - Ventilation
• - Accumulation of excretion
• - Animal movement from population

• - Vaccination Programs
• - Clinical Signs (Symptoms)
• - Identify Asymptomatic Carriers
• - Isolate Young Animals
• - Prioritize Cleanliness

• - Temperature: 72 degrees
• - Humidity: 40-60%
• - Air Exchanges: 17/hr s ideal. Tomball has 12/hr.
• - Light Cycle: 14 hours light / 10 hours dark
• - Sodium Hypochlorite (bleach): 1 part bleach / 30 parts H2O

1. To protect the individual from disease.

2. To maintain a large number of immune individuals in the population so that disease if readily transmitted.

• 1. Parenteral
• 2. Intranasal

• 1. Vaccine 1 month prior to breeding.
• 2. Isolate the newborn after vaccination (2 wks.)

• 1. Louis Pasteur
• 2. Sir Alfred Jenner

• 1. Improve efficiency of food animal production.
• 2. Prevent disease spread.

By the animals immune system responding in a complex fashion by producing antibodies (IgA, IgE, IgM, or IgG) specific for antigen in vaccine.

• - Viruses
• - Bacteria
• - Rickettsiae
• - Protozoans
• - Fungi

Bacterins

Ex: Bordatella bronchiseptica.

It's easier to induce protection with a virus vaccine than a bacterin due to toxins in the bacterial cell wall.

Specific parts of the infective agent recognized by the immune system.

Epitope

• 1. Killed
• 2. Modified
• 3. Recombinant

Killed vaccine

Inactivated vaccine.

Modified live vaccine.

Attenuated vaccine.

blood immunity

Recombinant vaccine

They create inflammation, thus increasing antibody response.

It caused feline sarcomas.

• - B cell immunity
• - No memory
• - Contains B Lymphocytes and the 4 immunoglobulin classes (IgM, IgA, IgG & IgE)
• - Helps prevent serious systemic clinical signs.
• - Blood

• - T cell immunity
• - Memory immunity
• - Skin

• - Involves Lymphocytes and plasma cells.
• - Both from bone marrow, but mainly from spleen, liver, thymus, and lymph nodes of intestines. (Peyers Patches)

Lymphocytes

Plasma cells

- When a B cell comes into contact with an antigen, which fits it surface receptors, it is prompted to start proliferating and its offspring are stimulated to produce more antibodies.

- The B cells that develop into plasma cells must travel through the thymus.

- The thymus is large..

[incomplete]

• 1. Animals response
• 2. Handling and administration of vaccine
• 3. Maternal antibody interference
• 4. Strain in the vaccine too different from strain needed

They are protective for neonates until levels fall below critical points. However, antibodies react with vaccines rendering them useless for inducing protective levels of antibodies.

• 1. Maternal antibodies
• 2. Human error
• 3. Preexisting infection
• 4. Time

• 1. Pain/lethargy
• 2. Anaphylaxis
• 3. Injection Site Reaction

• 1. Granulomas
•      -lumps from vaccination because of
•       local reactants to adjuvants
• 2. Sarcomas
•      -similar to granulomas, but with
•       more grim prognosis
• 3. Vasculitis
•      -when vaccine antigen & the
•       corresponding antibody are deposited
•       in walls of small blood vessels.
• 4. Uveitis
•      -reported with CAV-1 vaccines

Purevax, By Merial

• 6 wks. - 1st Parvo (CPV-2)
• 8-10 wks. - Distemper, Hepatitis,
•                 Leptospirosis, Parvovirus,
•                 Cornavirus, & Parainfluenza
•                 (DHLPCP) & Bordetella
• 10-12 wks. - DHLPCP & Bordetella
• 14-16 wks. - DHLPCP & Rabies
• 20 wks. - Parvo.
• 6 mon.  - Parvo.
• 1 year.  - DHLPCP & Bordetella & Rabies

• 8-10 wks. - Feline Herpes Virus,
•                  Feline Calicivirus,
•                  Feline Panleukopenia Virus, &
•                  Feline Leukemia Virus
•                 (FHV-1, FCV, FPV, & FeLV)
• 12 wks.    - FHV-1, FCV, FPV, FeLV & Rabies
• 6 mon.     - FeLV
• 12 mon.   - FHV-1, FCV, FPV, FeLV, & Rabies

Brucella canis

Bartonella henselae/vinsonii

Trypanosoma cruzi

Chlamydia psittaci

Salmonella, Campylobacter, Yersinia, Giardia, etc.

Granulosus, Multiocularis

Ancylostoma brazilienses

Leishmania donovani/canis

Leptospira interrogans, Canicola, Pomona, Harjo, & Icterohaemorrhagica

Yersinia pestis

Lyssavirus

Microsporum canis

Sarcoptes scabiei & Notoedres cati

Sporothrix schenckii

Toxoplasma gondii

Francisella tularensis

Pasturella multocida & Pasturella haemolytica

• 1. Encephalitis
• 2. Infectious hepatitis
• 3. Rabies

• 1. Anthrax
• 2. Brucellosis
• 3. Leptospirosis
• 4. Campylobacter
• 5. Salmonella (causes polyarthritis in equine)

• 1. Amebiasis
• 2. Toxoplasmosis
• 3. Giardia
•         - called Giardia lambia (humans)
•         - called Giardia intestinalis (dog/cat)

• 1. Scabies
• 2. Cestodes
• 3. Nematodes

Pasteurella multocida

P. multocida & Fransiella tularensis

Bacillus anthrasis

Yersenia pestis

Sylvatic Plague

• - Notorious in London during the 19th century.
• - Came from Italy.

• - Flea eats bacteria in Yersenia pestis.
• - This causes obstipation in the flea.
• - So the flea eats the bactera and vomits on the rat/human and thus get Yersenia pestis.

Etiology (antigen)

Titer

Host

Epizootiology

Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory

Definitive

Pathogenis

Ames, Iowa

Immunity

• 1. species resistance
• 2. mechanical & chemical barriers
• 3. inflammatory response
• 4. interferon & complement

Species resistance

Mechanical & chemical barriers

• - Cells release enzymes when invaded by microorganisms.
• - Mediator enzymes attract WBC (basophls) which dilate blood vessels.
• - Neutrophils move through cellular clefts into tissue to phagocytize.

Interferon.

(which interferes with viruses ability to replicate with in host cell)

Complement.

(Binds to invading cell wall producing small holes in membrane. This results in rupture of foreign cell before it can damage host cell.)

B-Lymphocytes & T-Lymphocytes

• - Produce antibodies in response to specific antigen stimulation known as humoral immunity.
• - Originate in bone marrow and lymphoid organs, some of these B-Lymphocytes will become plasma cells and produce antibodies after passing through the thymus.

• - Originate in bone marrow, also known as cell mediated immunity.
• - After leaving bone marrow, they go to thymus, where they are programmed to recognize markers on cells.
• - After they leave they thymus, they go to spleen, the lymph nodes and then circulate in the body looking for invading cells with unique markers.

- One of the most common causes of infectious diarrhea in dogs under 6 months.

• 1. Canine Cornonavirus
• 2. Canine Parvovirus
• 3. Canine Rotavirus

• - Discovered in 1967 in military dogs. (CPV-1)
• - A.K.A "Minute Virus"
• - Contagious and often fatal by its host cell range, spectra of blood agglutination, genetic properties and antigenecity.
• - Related to Bovine Parvo.

• - 1977-78
• - Often fatal
• - Evolved into type 2a (1982) and then into type 2b (1984).
• - This made it more susceptible to animals and allowed infection of felines with type 2c (2000).

• - Non enveloped DNA virus.
• - Morbidity: 20-90%
• - Mortality: 0-50%
• - Incubation: 7-14 days / CPV-2: 4-6 days
• - Contamination: Oral/Nasal route                               (primarily feces)
• - Symptoms: bloody diarrhea
• - Clinical sign: Leukocytopenia
• - Often associated with gram negative sepsis.
• - Affects younger and lighter animals

• - CPV -1, CPV-2a, & 2b reported in all countries.
• - CPV-2c reported in North America, South America, Asia, Europe, but not Australia.
• - CPV-2c found in 14 states in U.S.

• - CPV of all types divide and multiply in fat cells of the GI tract.
• - CPV-2C does not react to ELISA.
• - Post mortem for CPV-2C require a portion of the small intestines and tongue.
• - Can infect feline.
• - FPV vaccine protects cats from CPV-2C.
• - 20 strains of CPV-2c; 3 are lethal to dog.
• - Doberman Pinschers and Rottweilers most susceptible to parvo.

• - Galaxy Vaccines for CPV-2b
• - Continuum Plough Vaccnes reported protect against CPV-2C.

• - Pyrexia
• - Lethargy
• - Anorexia
• - Vomting
• - Diarrhea
• - Dehydration
• - PCV= 60-70%
• - Lack of appetite
• - WBC=2,000

Pronounced Leukopenia

• 1. GI tract
• 2. Myocardium

• - CPV-1 Myocarditis can develop from infection in-utero or in young pups.
• - All pups infected in litter and will dies or succumb after short episode of dyspnea, crying and retching.
• - Congestive heart failures.

• - Positive fecal ELISA test: (CPV-2a & 2b)
•       1) CITE
•       2) IDEXX -
•   (Probe- Canine Parvovirus Antigen Test Kit)
• - CBC: Leukopenia with lymphopenia
•           and neutropenia and high PCV.
• - Fecal Examination to rule out Hooks.
• - Serology - High titer 1:10,000 for CPV

* Most common will be the ELISA test *

• 1. Fluids
• 2. Antibodies
• 3. Antiemetic drugs
• 4. Pain killers
• 5. With hold food and water

• 1. Minimize exposure
• 2. Vaccination

• - RNA virus
• - Mutation of Feline Coronavirus, or TGE.
• - Morbidity is low/high, but mortality is low.
• - Treatment for CCV AND CPV is supportive.
• - Symptoms are diarrhea with clots of blood.

# X %dehydration X 500 mL


If not able to drink, figure in maintenance replacement during rehydration replacement therapy:

1 mL/#/hr

Coronaviridae

Nidovirales

• - Clinical Signs: Leukopenia and dehydration
• - Symptoms: Diarrhea and vomiting
• - Incubation: 1-4 days
• - Transmission: Fecal contamination
• - Rapidly reproduced with in epithelial cells and accumulates with in the cytoplasm of infected intestinal cells.

Dehydration

Fluid therapy.

- 50 lb dog not eating with 7% dehydration.

• - Formula:  # X %dehydration X 500
•                    =50 lb X 0.07 X 500

• - Over 12 hr fluid drip at: 1 mL / # / hr
•                                  =  1  X 50 X 12
•                                  =  600 mL

- 1,750 + 600 = 2,350 mL over 12 hours

• - Based on serology or ID of virus in feces.
• - Serology is an antibody-antigen test, but ID requires use of electron microscope; therefore most treatments are initiate due to clinical signs/symptoms only.

• 1. Vaccinate on regular schedule.
• 2. Puppies can survive with correct treatment.
• 3. Treatment expensive.
• 4. Can infect older dogs if not vaccinated.
• 5. Virus can survive long term.
• 6. Keep dog clean of parasites

• - RNA virus
• - Persist for prolonged periods in enviornment.
• - Recognized as important enteric pathogens in many animal species and in people.
• - AKA duoviruses, reovirus-like and rota-virus like agents.

Reoviridae

• - Associated with neonates
• - Diarrhea
• - Not as severe as CPV, or CCV.
• - Necrosis of rotavirus infected cells 18-48 hours after oral infection.
• - Clinical signs result from villious atrophy.

• - RNA virus
• - Surrounded by lipoprotein envelope derived from glycoproteins in cell membrane.
• - Acute, or subacute
• - High fatality rate
• - Doesn't exist well in light
• - Temperate of 50-60*C will kill it in 30 minutes.
• - All symptomatic types of CDV belong to only one serotype.

Morbillivirus

Paramyxovirdae

• - Canidae: Dog, fox, wolf & coyote
• - Procyonidae: Red panda, raccoon, kinkajou
• - Mustelidae: Weasel, mink, skunk & ferret
• - Felidae: Cat, lion, leopard & tiger
• - Ailuridae: Panda
• - Ursidae: Bear
• - Viverridae: Fossa & civet
• - Herpestidae: Mongoose & meerkat

Aerosol, or droplets exposure

Lifelong immunity

Raccoon

8-12 weeks

Old Dog Encephalitis

Spring & Fall

• - After exposure, CDV spreads by aerosol droplets and contacts epithelium of upper respiratory tract.
• - Multiplies in tissue macrophages and spreads in these cells via local lymphatics to tonsils and bronchial lymph nodes with in 24 hours.
• - By 2-4 days postinfection, virus #'s increase in tonsils and pharyngeal and bronchial lymph nodes, but in low amounts.

• - Dogs with cell mediated immunoresponse systems develop antibodies with in 9-14 days and virus clears itself from body.
• - Dogs with poor immunoresponsive systems by day 9-14 postinfection undergo virus spread to tissues.

• - Cold like symptoms: pyrexia, cough, nasal and ocular discharge.
• - Pneumonia
• - Anorexia
• - Vomiting
• - Diarrhea
• - Dehydration
• - Hyperkeratosis of footpads
• - Chorea (convulsions)
• - TIC

• a) Physical exam, symptoms and clin. signs
• b) Serology - rising titers in system
• c) Fluorescent Antibody Test - to detect virus in epithelial cells collected from mucous membranes.
• d) Inclusion bodies
• e) Viral isolation

2-10%

90-98%

CDV

• - Chronic distemper encephalitis (ODE)
• - Ataxia, compulsive movements, hypermetria
• - May occur with out history of signs related to CDV.
• - Convulsions and neuromuscular twitching (chorea) do not seem to occue with ODE.
• - Not infectious

• - Canine Adenovirus Infection
• - Canine Parainfluenza SV-5
• - Canine Herpesvirus & Reovirus I
• - Canine Coronavirus

• - Trachea
• - Bronchus

• Etiology: Canine Adenovirus Type I
• Attack Location: Liver Cells
• Side Effect: Corneal edema

Trachea/Bronchus

• - Replicated paranchymal cells of liver.
• - Death reported in more severe cases the first few months of life and dogs as old as 13 years.
• - By 10 days postinfection, virus is only in kidneys and is excreted in urine for at least 6-9 months.

• - Worldwide contagious disease
• - Congestion of mucous membranes, severe depression, leukopenia and prolonged bleeding.
• - Clotting time correlated with severity of illness.

• - Paroxymal cough ("goose honk")
• - Cough worsens on exercise

• 1) CAV-II
• 2) Parainfluenza (CpiV2)
• 3) Corona
• 4) Bordatella

• - Distinct from ICH and CAV-II
• - Virus
• - Etiology unknown
• - Clin. sign vague
• - Terminal signs effect mental state & result in coma.
• - Lab abnormalities includes episodic increases in ALT & ALP
• - Reported primarily in Great Britain.

• - Abdominal distention
• - Seizures
• - Coma
• - Mental status issues

• Etiology: Paranfluenza Virus
• Attack Site: Epithelium of respiratory tract

• - Parainfluenza virus (CpiV-2)
• - Canine Adenovirus II
• - Bordatella bronchiseptica
• - Canine Corona Virus

• - Highly contagious airborne
• - Most common virus isolated from respiratory tract with ITB.
• - Single stranded RNA virus
• - Paramyxoviridae
• - Spread from throat of dogs up to 8 days.
• - Multiplies in epithelium of respiratory tract, such as the cilia in it.

• - Self limiting and will take 2-3 weeks
• - Treat symptoms
• - No exercise for 2-3 weeks (stay cool)
• - In the future, make sure vaccination for lower respiratory disease is given 2-3 weeks prior to boarding to prevent spread.

Cpiv-2 and Bordatella bronchiseptica

CAV-II and lesser CAV-I

• - IgA
• - IgG

• - Worldwide
• - Biologic and pathogenic properties similar to herpes.
• - Upper respiratory and/or urogenital with abortions, or failed pregnancies.
• - Newborns can get CHV from inutero, contact with litter mates, oronasal secretions of dam, or fomite exposure.

Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (FVR)

• - LVT's and vets can be exposed from hypersalivation on dental checks.
• - All warm blooded animals are susceptible.
• - Virus
• - Always fatal
• - Neurological disease
• - Spread through saliva and open wounds.
• - Enzootic
• - Most common in carnivores and New World bats.
• - More reported cases in cats these days.

• - Hypersalivation
• - Descending paralysis
• - Change in voice
• - Change in attitude

• Dog- 1979
• Cat- 1986

Bats

• 1) More cats kept as pets.
• 2) Only 6% of cats in Harris County are vaccinated against rabies.

Raccoons


(Followed by skunks, bats and foxes)

• - 500 BC
• - Africa
• - Brought to America through European colonization
• - Found in 1753 in Virginia
• - Found in 1899 on the West Coast

May 2006 in Humble, TX from a bat bite.

• - 18th century severe outbreak in E. Europe
• - Bizarre treaments: immersion in sea, gun
•                               powder on wound then
•                               lighting it, etc..
• - In France, those with rabies were shot, poisoned, strangled, etc..

Hydrophobia

Louis Pasteur and Sir Alfred Jenner

1884


Human- 1885

From the saliva of rabid dogs in France and then passed the virus through the brain tissue of a rabbit to make a modified live virus for use on dogs.

Lyssavirus

Rhabdoviridae

Because of the descending paralysis starting in the nose and ending in the diaphragm.

Through pyrexia (suffocation)

• - Canine Rabies
• - Skunk Rabies

- It goes to the CNS, then to the salivary glands.

• - Saliva (bite wound)
• - Inhalation (also with bats)
• - Oral (consumption)

Late summer, and early fall.

1975-85

Cowboys would get attacked by them at night when trying to sleep.

• - Sabine County, TX
• - 1946
• - Spread southwest.

1980's

• - Program designed to prevent the spread of rabies.
• - Developed by Texas A&M Kingsville
• - Involves oral rabies vaccine dropped around the wilderness so wild animals, such as coyotes, foxes, skunks, etc can be vaccinated against rabies.

• - 1988
• - Starr County

• A) Prodromal Stage:
•            - Incubation
•            - Change in behavior
•            - Descending paralysis

• B) Excitatory Stage:
•            - Furious/Dumb/Stupor
•            - May appear hyperactive
•            - Or attack inanimate objects.

• C) Paralytic Stage:
•            - Impending death
•            - Ascending paralysis of hind limbs,
•              eventually leading to respiratory
•              paralysis and death.

3-8 weeks


But can take up to 14-18 months.

• 1) Clinical signs
•          - Mandibular and lingual paralysis

• 2) Fluorescent Antibody Test
•          - Replaces Negro Body test
•          - Cheaper

• 3) Negri Body Demonstation
•          - Demonstration of cytoplasm of neurons

• 4) Polymerase Chain Reacton
•          - Before death

• 1. Rabies
• 2. Tetnus

10 days.

• 1. Avoid damaging brain.
• 2. Prepare immediately after death.
• 3. Head should be immediately chilled at
•     32-45°F
• 4. Use two containers:
•        - Immediate container
•        - Outer container

ID of Health Form No. G-172

• - Vaccinate pets after 3 months and before 4 months of age.
• - The vaccine must be administered by a licensed veterinarian, or under the supervision of a licensed veterinarian.

- Pets must be vaccinated against rabies between 3 and 4 months of age by a licensed veterinarian.

- The animal must receive a booster with in the 12 month interval following initial vaccination.

- Every domestic dog and cat must be revaccinated against rabies at a minimum of at least once every 3 years with a rabies vaccine licensed by the USDA.

• Austin:
• Bureau of Laboratories
• Texas Department of Health
• 1100 West 49th St.
• Austin, TX, 78756
• 1 800 252 8163

• Houston:
• City of Houston
• Health and Human Services
• 1115 South Brazenwood

• - Dog
• - Cat
• - Horse
• - Sheep
• - Cattle
• - Human

- Animals are considered vaccinated if they receive vaccine with in the past 12 months, or received 2 rabies vaccines with in 12 month of each other and the time since most recent vaccination has not exceeded the manufacturers recommendations.

- Each veterinarian issues a certificate of rabies vaccination and keeps copy for up to 5 years after vaccination.

- Person employed by Harris County Public Health and Environmental Services through the Veterinary Public Health Division

- Facility that keeps, or legally impounds strays.

- Acts by animal that causes injury to person.

- Abrasion, scratch, puncture, tear, piercing of skin that causes bleeding caused by animal.

Any dog, or cat bitten, or has fought, or interacted with animal known, or suspected of having rabies.

• 1) Absolute security
• 2) Isolation
• 3) Daily observation

• 1) Animal shelter approved by TX Department of Health
• 2) Veterinary clinic operated by a licensed veterinarian
• 3) Owners home if approved by Local Health Authority

Local Health Authority

• - Secure enclosure approved by LRCA
• - Animal is currently vaccinated
• - Vet, or local authority must observe animal first and last day of quarantine.
• - Animal must not stray at time of potential exposure.

Destroyed.

• - Euthanized
• - Vaccinated
• - Isolated

Administer 1 mL of rabies vaccination immediately and isolate for 90 days, giving booster vaccinations during 3rd and 8th weeks of isolation

• - Animal receives 1 mL of rabies vaccine.
• - Isolated for 45 days

• a) Identify and confine the biting dog, or cat for observation.
• b) Wash wound, while wearing gloves, with soap and hot water.
• c) Call family physician. Go to emergency room if you cant reach your doctor.

• Low:
• - Rodent
• - Rabbit
• - Opossum

• High:
• - Bat
• - Raccoon
• - Skunk
• - Fox
• - Coyote
• - Other wild carnivores.

• 1. Local Health Authority
• 2. Animal control officer, Municipal health authority, Peace officer, etc..

Local Health Authority

• Unvaccinated: Quarantine 10 days
• Vaccinated: Euthanize, or vaccinate and isolate for 90 days with booster at 3 and 8 weeks.

HCPHES Veterinary Public Health (VPH)

281-999-3191

• Time
• Trauma
• Trash