Chapter 8

It is the place of union or junction between two or more bones, regardless of the degree of movement allowed by this unionn

Joints are classified into ___ major groups according to the degree of movement they allow (____) and the type of material that holds the bones of the joint together (___)

these are joints or unions between bones that do not allow movement

Examples of synarthroses

It is an articulation in which the bones are united by a thin layer of fibrous tissue

They are joints in which the bones are connected by ligaments between the bones

These are joints in which a conical process fits into a socket and is held in place by ligaments

These are the joints in the skull

The articulation of the radius and ulna is an example of this joint

An example of this joint is a tooth, held in place by the periodontal ligament.

Three major groups of joints

These are joints that only allow a slight movement

The two examples of Amphiarthroses

These are joints in which the bones are connected by a disk of fibrocartilage

An example of this joint is the pubic symphysis where the two pelvic bones are joined.

These are joints in which two bony surfaces are connected by hyaline cartilage

Examples of these joints are the epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone; and the connection of the ribs to the sternum

These are freely moving joints or articulations

They are always characterized by the presence of a cavity enclosed in a capsule

It produces synovial fluid

It creates a smooth gliding surface  for opposing bones

it nourishes the articular cartilage

lubricates the joint

functions as a buffer between the vertebrae in the spinal column to minimize the forces of weight and shock from running, walking or jumping

it is related to the laxity or looseness of the joint

This is directly related to the structure of the capsule and howit is formed over the opposing bones

it has the greatest range of movement

They bear weight and allow movement

Capsule is made of ___, ___, ___, ___, ___(?)

It provides stability

is the act of bending or decreasing the angle between bones

Is the act of increasing the angle between bones.

Increases the joint angle beyond anatomic position

is moving the bones or limb away from the midline of the body

It is moving the bone or limb toward the midline of the body

It is the act of moving the bone around a central axis

Is moving the bone in such a way that the end of the bone or a limb describes a circle in the air and the sides of the bone describe a cone in the air

They refer to the movement of the forearm and the hand

It is moving the bone so that the radius and the ulna are parallel

It is moving the bones of the forearm so that the radius and ulna are not parallel

They refer to the movements of the foot

It is moving the sole of the foot  outward the ankle

It is moving the sole of the foot inward the ankle

It is moving a part of the body forward on a plane parallel to the ground

It is moving a part of the body backward on a plane parallel to the gound

It is raising a part of the body

It is lowering a part of the body

Depression

It is a movement that occurs only with the thumb and is unique to primates

It occurs when the tip of the thumb and fingers are all brought together

Occurs when their digits return to their normal position

It is raising the foot up at the ankle joint

It is pushing the foot down at the ankle joint

The six types of synovial joints

What are the multiaxial joints

What are the two uniaxial joints

What are the two bipolar joints

In this type of joint,  a ball shaped head fits into a concave socket

Examples are: A ball shaped head of the femur fitting into the concave socket of the acetabulum; head of the humerus fitting into the glenoid fossa of the scapula

It is structured in such a way that a convex surface fits into a concave surface

motions restricted to one plane

Examples of this joint are the elbows, knees, middle and distal phalanges

The joint is constructed in such a way that a pivot-like process rotates within a bony fossa around a longitudinal axis

An example of this joint is between the atlas vertebra that rotates within the bony fossa of the axis vertebra

Condyloid joint is also called ___

It consists of an oval-shaped condyle that fits into an elliptical cavity

It means that motion is possible in two planes at right angles to each other

Some of the carpals bones of the wrist are of this joint

In this joint, one articular surface is concave in one direction and convex in the other while the other articular surface is reciprocally convex and concave.

This is the joint that allows the opposition of the thumb

This type of joint is formed by either opposing plane surfaces or slightly convex and concave surfaces

This type of joint only allows gliding movement

These joints are those in between the superior and inferior articular processes of the vertebrae in the spine

these are closed sacs with synovial membrane lining

They facilitate the gliding of either muscle over muscle or tendons over bony ligamentous surfaces

Three types of bursae

Bursae found under the skin wherever the skin is on top of an underlying bony process

Bursae located between muscles

They are found above the fascia of one muscle and below the fascia of another

It is the fibrous connective tissue that covers the epimysium of a muscle bundle

Bursae found where one tendon overlies another tendon or where one tendon overlies some bony projection