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The only place that the bones of the arm join the bones of the rest of the body is _______.
sternoclavicular joint
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The most important stabilizer of the shoulder girdle is ________.
coracoclavicular ligament
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List the four muscles of the rotator cuff and their actions.
- Supraspinatus- abduction
- Infraspinatus- lateral rotation
- Teres major- lateral rotation
- Subscapularis- medial rotation
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Abduction of the arm requires what two muscles?
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What are the two extensors of the shoulder?
- Teres major
- Latissimus dorsi
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The glenoid process is a very shallow cup for the head of the humerus. What is the advantage of this?
Increased range of motion
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What is the disadvantage?
Easy to dislocate
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Most shoulder dislocation occur in which direction?
Anterior
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The structure that provides the most security for the glenohumeral joint is ______.
The tendon of the long head of the biceps
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What nerve may be damaged in the anterior shoulder dislocations?
Axillary
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What muscle does this nerve supply?
Deltoid
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Why do we need muscles that fixate the scapula?
Because it is not fixed itself
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When is it important to fixate the scapula?
For the forceful movements of the arm
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Only two skeletal muscles below the neck are supplied by a cranial nerve. What are they and what is the nerve?
- Trapezius, Sternocleidomastiod
- Accessory nerve- cranial nerve XI
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The pectoralis major flexes, adducts and medially rotates the arm. What exercise strengthens this muscle?
Push-ups
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The tendon of the long head of the biceps fortuitously passes across the lateral head of the humerus, holding it in place. Where does the short head of the biceps originate?
Coracoid process
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Where does the biceps insert?
Radial tuberosity
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The insertion of the biceps tendon allows it to flex the elbow joint. What other motion does it allow?
Supination of the forearm
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The most powerful flexor of the forearm is ________.
Brachialis
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Where does it insert?
Ulnar tuberosity
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What nerve supplies both brachialis and biceps?
Musculocutaneous nerve
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The triceps brachii originates at the shoulder and back of the humerus. Where does it insert?
Olecranon process of the ulna
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This insertion allows what action?
Extension of the elbow
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The ulna is on which side of the elbow joint?
Medial
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What is the range of motion of the ulna?
Flexion, extension
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The radius has what additional range of motion?
Supination, pronation
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The muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm _______ the wrist and fingers.
Flex
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Most of the muscles on the posterior forearm that extend the wrist and fingers originate in a common tendon that is attached to the _________.
lateral epicondyle of the humerus
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Moving from radial to ulnar (lateral to medial), what are the bones of the proximal row of the carpals?
- Scaphoid
- Lunate
- Triquetrum
- Pisiform
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What bones are in the distal row?
- Trapezium
- Trapezoideum
- Capitate
- Hamate
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The flexor tendons for the fingers and the median nerve pass into the hand through the ________.
Carpal tunnel
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The muscles that allow you to pinch are the _______.
Lumbricals
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How do you test for the intact motor function of the ulnar, median, and radial nerves?
- Ulnar- adduct and abduct the fingers
- Median- opposition of the thumb
- Radial- extension of the fingers
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How do you test the intact sensory function of the ulnar, median, and radial nerves?
- Ulnar- 5th finger
- Median- palm
- Radial- back of hand
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