-
Pathphysiology:
Study of the structural and functional changes in cells, tissues, and organs of the body that cause or are caused by disease
-or-
study of abnormal function, and both preventative and therapeutic care
-
What is disease?
an interruption, cessation, or disorder in the function of cells, tissues, organs, or organ systems
-
Name the 6 recognized etiologic causes of disease (BPCMMI):
Biological, physical forces, chemical agents, molecular, multifactorical, idiopathic
-
Example of Biologic agents:
bacteria, viruses, protistan or parasitic worms
-
Example of physical forces that cause disease:
burns, being crushed, radiation
-
Chemical agents that cause disease:
poison, toxins, etc
-
Name an example of a molecular cause of disease:
cystic fibrosis
-
What does idiopathic mean?
etiologic agent is UNKNOWN
-
Disease is characterized by _____ _____ , an identifiable group of _______ and ______, and/or consistant ______ ______.
- etiologic agents
- signs and symptoms
- anatomic alterations
-
Signs:
observable/measurable change
Increased HR, fever, weight gain/loss
-
Symptoms
unobservable effects of a disease reported by the patient
Pain, difficulty breathing, dizziness
-
Syndrome:
characteristic combination of signs/symptoms that are associated with a particular disease
-
Another way that disease can be characterized is by timing. What are the two terms used to characterize the timing of a disease?
Congenital- present at birth (may not become evident until later in life)
Acquired-caused by events after birth
-
Complications are defined as:
possible adverse extensions or a disease or outcomes from treatment
-
What is Sequelae?
lesions or impairments that follow or are caused by a disease
-
Define diagnosis
method to identify the nature and cause of a health problem
-
The diagnostic process involves the following 6 steps:
- History
- Physical
- Consider clinical probabilities and determine most likely based on PT characteristics
- Lab tests or confirm or rule out various diagnoses
- Interpreting of lab tests
- Initiate therapy and evaluate response
-
The onset of a disease can be either ____ or _____.
Sudden or insidious
-
Give the conditions associated with acute disease
rapid onset, develop quickly, relatively sever, short duration, self-limiting
-
Sub-acute diseases fall in between ?
Chronic and acute
-
Chronic conditions are:
constant, long term, develop slowly, long duration
-
Give the 5 stages common to infectious diseases (PSCPC):
- Pre-clinical stage: no measurable signs
- Sub-clinical stage: no measurable signs, not destined to progress to clinical stage
- Clinical stage: measurable signs and symptoms
- Persistent stage: chronic stage
- Carrier stage: transferable but shows no signs or symptoms
-
Explain the difference between the pre-clinical and sub-clinical stage or infectious disease:
Both pre-clinical and sub-clinical stages show no measurable signs of disease, but the pre-clinical disease will eventually progress to the observable clinical stage whereas the sub-clinical stage will not.
-
Mortality
subject to death
-
Morbidity
the incidence of disease
-
Therapy
treatment of disease to cure or reduce patient signs and symptoms
-
Prognosis
probably outcome and prospect of recovery from disease; prediction of a patient's survival based on a particular therapy
|
|
