9th Biology - Biochemistry unit 1

atom of the same element with a different number of atoms

bonds formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

bonds formed when electrons are shared between atoms

a molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed

an attraction between molecules of the same substance

an attraction between molecules of different substances

a material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined

substances that are dissolved

a mixture of two or more substances in which all of the compounds are evenly distributed

a substance in which the solute dissolves

mixture of water and non-dissolved materials

any compound that forms h+ ions in solution

compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution

indicates the concentration of h+ ions in solution

weak acids of bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in pH

atom that has a positive or negative charge

large molecules in cells made from thousands or hundreds of thousands of smaller molecules

small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers

large compound formed from combinations of many smaller monomers

compounds made up of from carbon hydrogen and oxygen atoms usually in a ratio of 1:2:1; used as main source of energy

another name for simple sugars

large macromolecules formed from monosaccharide

large and varied group of biological molecules that is generally not soluble in water. made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms and used to store energy

the fatty acids contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms

a fatty that has at least one carbon-carbon double bond

individual monomers that make up nucleic acids. consists of three parts: a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

macromolecules containing hydrogen oxygen nitrogen carbon and phosphorus. Store and transmit hereditary or genetic information.

macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon hydrogen and oxygen; some control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes, some are used to form bones and muscles, other transport substances into and out of the cells or help fight disease

polymers of molecules that make proteins

proteins that speed up chemical reactions in a cell

energy needed to get a reaction started

substance that speeds up the rate of chemical reaction

the reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions