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Admiralty
Pertaining to the sea.
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Alternative Dispute Resolutions
Procedures for settling disputes by means other than litigation.
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Appeal
A request to a higher court to review the decision of a lower court.
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Appellate Courts
Courts that review the decisions of lower courts. Also called courts of appeal.
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Appellate Jurisdiction
The power to hear a case when it is appealed.
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Arbitration
A method of settling disputes in which a neutral third party in an arbitration session who listens to both sides and makes a decision with regard to the dispute.
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Arbitrator's Award
Regardless of which side the arbitrator rules in favor of.
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Arbitrator
A neutral third party in an arbitration session who listens to both sides and makes a decision with regard to the dispute.
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Binding Arbitration
Arbitration in which the decision of the arbitrator will prevail and must be followed.
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Caucus
The mediator uses his or her listening skills and the ability to ask probing questions in an attempt to learn what the interests are behind each side's demands.
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Certiorari Denied (cert. den.)
Abbreviation meaning certiorari denied. certiorari meaning to be informed of.
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Change of Venue
A change in the place where the trial is held.
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Circuits
Name given to division of U.S. district courts.
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Code
A systematic collection of statutes, administrative regulations, and other laws.
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Compulsory Arbitration
Arbitration that is required by agreement or by law. Also called mandatory arbitration.
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Conciliation
An informal process in which a neutral third person listens to both sides and makes suggestions for reaching a solution. Also called Mediator.
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Conciliator
A neutral third person in a conciliation session who listens to both sides and makes suggestions for reaching a solution. Also called Mediator.
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Concurrent Jurisdiction
The power of two or more courts to decide a particular case.
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Court
A body of government organized to administer justice.
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Courts of Appeal
Courts that review the decisions of lower courts. Also called appellate courts.
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Diversity of Citizenship
A phrase used in connection with the jursidiction of the federal courts.
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Exclusive Jurisdiction
The power of one court only to hear a particular case to the exclusion of all other courts.
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Federal District Courts
U.S. District Courts are also called federal district courts.
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Federal Question
A matter that involves the U.S. Constitution, acts of Congress, or treason.
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Forum non Conveniens
The right of a court to refuse to hear a case if it believes that justice would be better served if the trial went to a different court.
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In Personam Action
A lawsuit in which the court has jurisdiction over the person.
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In Personam Jurisdiction
(Personal jurisdiction) means jurisdiction over the person
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In Rem Action
A lawsuit that is directed against property rather than against a particular person.
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Jurisdiction
The power or authority that a court has to hear a case.
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Justice
The title given to the highest appellate court judges.
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Local Action
A lawsuit that can occur only in one place.
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Long-Arm Statutes
Statutes that allow one state to reach out and obtain personal jurisdiction over a person in another state.
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Mandatory Arbitration
Arbitration that is required by agreement or by law. Also called compulsory arbitration.
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Maritime
Pertaining to the sea.
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Mediation
An informal process in which a neutral third person listens to both sides and makes suggestions for reaching a solution. Also called conciliation.
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Mediator
A neutral third person in a mediation session who listens to both sides and makes suggestions for reaching a solution. Also called a conciliator.
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Negotiation
is a two-party process by which each side, without the help of a neutral third party, attempts to conclude its dispute by bargaining with the other until one side agrees to the other side's offer settlement.
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Mini-Trial
Informal trials run by private organizations established for the purpose of settling disputes out of court.
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Nonbinding Arbitration
Arbitration in which the arbitrator's decision is simply a recommendation and need not be complied with.
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Original Jurisdiction
The power to hear a case when it first goes to court.
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Plenary Jurisdiction
Complete jurisdiction over both the parties and the subject matter of a lawsuit.
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Quasi In Rem Action
A lawsuit in which the court has jurisdiction over the defendant's property but not over the defendant's person.
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Res
The property, the thing.
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Statutes
A law passed by a legislature.
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Transitory Action
A lawsuit that may be brought in more than one place as long as the court in which it is heard has proper jurisdiction.
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Venue
The place where the trial is held.
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Writ of Certiorari
An order from a higher court to a lower court to deliver its records to the higher court for review.
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