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Trapezius
origin- external occipital protuberance of the skill, C1-T12 spinous processes
insertion-clavicle, acromium, medial margin of the scapular spine
innervation- subtrapezial nerve plexus (CN XI and C3 and C4 of the ventral rami)
action- elevation (upper), depression (lower), retraction (middle), superior rotation (upper and lower)
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Levator scapulae
origin- C1-C4
insertion- medial border of the scapula above spine
innervation- dorsal scapular nerve
action- elevation, inferior rotation
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Rhombiod minor
origin- C7-T1
insertion- medial border of scapula at spine
innervation- dorsal scapular nerve
action- retraction, inferior rotation
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Rhombiod major
origin- T2-T5 spinous processes
insertion- medial border below spine
innervation- dorsal scapular nerve
action- retraction, inferior rotation
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Latissimus dorsi
origin- T6-L5 spinous processes, illiac crest, thorocolumbar fascia
insertion- intertubercular groove of humerus
innervation- thoracodorsal nerve
action- medial rotate arm, arm extension, adduction
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What muscles are involved in elevation of the scapula?
levator scapulae, upper trapezius
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What muscles are involved in depression of the scapula?
lower trapezius, lower serratus anterior, gravity
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What muscles are involved in protraction of the scapula?
pectoralis minor. serratus anterior
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What muscles are involved in retraction of the scapula?
rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, middle trapezius
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What muscles are involved in superior rotation of the scapula?
upper and lower trapezius, serratus anterior
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What muscles are involved in inferior rotation of the scapula?
rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapulae, gravity
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What are the three main deep back muscles?
spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis
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subscapularis
origin- subscapular fossa
insertion- lesser tubercle of the humerus
innervation- upper and lower subscapular nerves
action- medial rotation of arm
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supraspinatus
- origin- supraspinous fossa
- insertion- greater tubercle of humerus (supperior facet)
innervation- suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)
action- abduction 0-15 degrees
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infraspinatus
origin- infraspinous fossa
insertion- greater tubercle (middle facet)
innervation- suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)
action- lateral rotation of the arm
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teres minor
origin- upper lateral border of scapula
insertion- greater tubercle (inferior facet)
innervation- axillary nerver (C5-C6)
action- lateral rotation of the arm
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teres major
origin- lower lateral border of the scapula
insertion- crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus
innervation- lower subscapular nerve
action- medial rotation, adduction, extension of arm
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deltoid
origin- clavicle, acromium, lateral margin of scapular spine
insertion- deltoid tuberosity of humerus
innervation- axillary nerve
action- extension, flexion, medial rotation, lateral rotation, abduction 15-100 degrees
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pectoralis major
origin- clavicle, sternum, ribs 1-6
insertion- crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus
innervation- medial and lateral pectoral nerve
action- medial rotation, adduction, flexion of arm
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pectoralis minor
origin- rubs 3-5
insertion- coracoid process of the scapula
innervation- medial pectoral nerve
action- protraction of scapula
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serratus anterior
origin- ribs 1-9
insertion- medial border of the scapula, costal surface
innervation- long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
action- protraction and superior rotation of lateral angle of scapula, hold scapula against dorsal trunk
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quadrangular space
borders- teres major, teres minor, long head of the tricep, humerus
axillary nerve, posterior circumflex humeral artery
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triangular space
border- teres major, teres minor, long head of the tricep
circumflex scapular artery
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What muscles are involved in flexion of the shoulder?
pectoralis major, anterior deltiod, biceps branchii, coracobrachialis
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What muscles are involved in extension of the shoulder?
lattissimus dorsi, teres major, posterior deltoid, long head of the triceps branchii
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What muscles are involved in abduction of the shoulder?
supraspinatus, deltoid
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What muscles are involved in adduction of the shoulder?
latissimus dorsi, teres major, pectoralis major
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What muscles are involved in medial rotation of the shoulder?
subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, anterior deltoid, pectoralis major
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What muscles are involved in lateral rotation of the shoulder?
infraspinatus, teres minor, posterior deltoid
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