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Genes
Specific sequence of nucleotides - a discrete unit of information
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Nucleotides -
part of DNA, four different types
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Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA - long cable like molecule. each molecule formed from two long chains of building blocks - nucleotides - wound around eachother
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Cell Theory - a
all living organisms consist of cells. all cells come from preexisting cells. basic idea to understand reproduction and growth of all organisms
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Matthias Schlediden and Theodor Schwann (country, date) goal:
Germany 1839 - concluded all living organisms consist of cell
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Anton Van Leeuwenhoek -dutch
used microscopes capable of magnifying 300 times and discovered single-celled life in a drop of pond water
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Robert Hooke England 1665 discovered..
cells by using first microscopes that magnified 30 times
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Cells are basic..
units of life
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all organisms are composed of
cells
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Continuity of life depends on faithful copying of _____
cells DNA into daughter cell
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Genome
entire set of DNA instructions that specifies a cell, sequence of human genome. 3 billion nucleotides long and decoded in rough draft form in 2001
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Function in molecules is dependent on..
their structure
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Phylogenetic tree
particular nucleotide changes in gene sequence. Represents evolutionary history of the gene the "family tree". Agrees well with those derived from the fossil record.
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Genes show relationships between...
species
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Analogous
Similar function - different evolutionary origins
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Homologous
same evolutionary origin but differ in structure and function
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many vertebrates share same ___ that show their common evolutionary past
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Earth is how many billion years oldq
4.5
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We all evolved from... to ...
simple to complex
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natural selection predicts ...
relative positions in time of transitional forms of creatures
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Darwin predicted fossil record would yield links between ...
groups of organisms
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how old is the theory of natural selection
120 years old
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Artificial selection
- animal breeders selected certain varieties of pigeons and other animals to produce certain characteristics that produced:
- Variety of traits
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Death limits...
population growth
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characteristics of living things
order, organization, reproduction, reaction to stimuli, homostasis, adaptation, use of energy
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hierarchical organization of life?
- Boy. biosphere
- Every. Ecosystem
- Child. Community
- Spies. Species
- Pies. Population
- On.Organism
- Orange.Organ system
- Octate. Organ
- Towels.Tissue
- can.cell
- oliver. organelle
- make. macromolecule
- more. molucule
- adam?. atom
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What is an emergent property?
characterists that aren't utilized or shown until used with others. A tire I just a tire until it is put on a car then it is part of the car.
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What is an emergent property of humans?
Our consciousness is not in any one cell, but when all our cells come togeather, we form consciousnesss
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Deductive reasoning example
- This bread has peanut butter and jam.
- This other bread has peanut butter and jam.
- this other OTHER bread has peanut butter and jam.
- = Bread has peanut butter and jam.
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Inductive reasoning example
- This bread has peanut butter on it.
- = All bread has peanut butter on it.
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scientific PROCESS
begins with an observation of things then a guess why that happens then testing to see if you were right. if not, you go to another hypothesis. and make the loop around till you find a hypothesis that is continually correct
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