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brianklein
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exchange of gas between an organism and its environment
respiration
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the process of bringing air into the lungs for respiration
inspiration
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the process of eliminating air from the lungs for respiration
expiration
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given a gas of constant temperature, increasing (or decreasing) the volume of the chamber in which the gas in contained will cause a corresponding decrease (or increase) in pressure
boyles law
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air sacs in the lungs
alveoli
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referring to the mediastinum or middle space of the thorax, which contains the heart
mediastinal
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the membranous sac enclosing the heart
pericardium
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the membranous sac enclosing the heart
pericardium
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feeling a structure using one's hands
palpation
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near the sternum
parasternal
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device that measures volume of air expelled or inspired
spirometer
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device that measures pressure
manometer
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in respiration, the displacement of air that represents specifically partitioned components of the respiratory system, measured in cubic centimeters or cubic inches
volume
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functional unit that is a combination of respiratory volumes, used to express physiological limits
capacity
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one thousandth of a liter
milliliter mL
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a milliliter or one thousandth of a liter
cubic centimeter (cc)
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the volume of air exchanged during one cycle of respiration
tidal volume (TV)
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tidal volume at rest
quiet tidal volume
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the volume of air that can be expired following passive, tidal expiration (approximately 1000 cc for adults)
expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
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the volume of air in the lungs after a maximum exhalation (approximately 1100 cc in adults)
residual volume (RV)
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the space, representing the conductive passageway of the respiratory system, that contains a volume of air that never undergoes gas exchange (approximately 150 cc in adults)
dead space air
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the combination of inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and tidal volume, representing the capacity of air available for speech (approximately 4000 cc in adults)
vital capacity (VC)
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the volume of air in the thorax after a passive exhalation (2100 cc in adults)
functional residual capacity (FRC)
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the total volume of the respiratory system that can undergo gas exchange, equaling the sum of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume (approximately 5100 cc in adults)
total lung capacity (TLC)
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the maximum inspiratory volume possible after tidal expiration (approximately 3000 cc in adults)
inspiratory capacity (IC)
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pressure generated as a result of atmospheric gases
atmospheric pressure (Patm)
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pressure in the oral cavity
intraoral (mouth) pressure (Pm)
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pressure beneath the level of the vocal folds
subglottal pressure (Ps)
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pressure in the alveolus
alveolar, or pulmonary, pressure (Pal)
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the region above the vocal folds
supraglottal
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using the muscles of inspiration to impede the outflow of air during expiration
checking action
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the process of measuring and recording the electrical activity associated with muscular contraction
electromyography
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__ or __ fused cocyygeal vertebrae
3 or 4
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pubic girdle is composed of
ileum, sacrum, pubic bone, and the ischium
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the clavicle provides ____ support for the shoulder by its _____ with the scapula
anterior, articulation
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The scapula is only attached to the ____
clavicle
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all ribs are attached to the sternum via ____
cartillage
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3 classes of ribs
true ribz, false ribs, floating ribz
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ribs 1-7 comprise the ____
troo ribs. this is because of their more direct attachment to the sternum
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ribs 8,9, and 10 compose the ____ ribz
false
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ribz 11 and 12 articulate only with the vertebral column and are therefore considered ____ ribz
floating
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