-
interferon (interferes with viruses ability to replicate)
A chemical secreted by virus-infected cells that helps to protect neighboring cells from infection
-
Tumor necrosis factor
A chemical that stimulates macrophages and causes cell death in cancer cells
-
antibodies
proteins that are produced by the body to bind to a specific foreing antigen and help to destroy it
-
complement cascade
a complex set of proteins in the bloodstream, that when activated, can facilitate bacterial cell lysis, attraction of WBCs to the site of infection, and stimulation of phagocytosis.
-
B-cells
Produces plasma cells and memory cells
-
macrophages
phagocytize pathogens and display their antigens
-
Helper T-cells
stimulate the proliferation of B-cells and T-cells
-
T-cells
produce cytotoxic T-cells and memory cells
-
Regulatory T-Cells
Help turn off the immune response when the threat is over
-
Memory cells
Remain dormant in the body, in case of future infection
-
Plasma cells
produce antibodies
-
release chemical which causes infected cells to develop holes in their membranes and die
cytotoxic t-cells
-
Lymph capillaries
The smallest lymphatic vessels
-
The lyphatic vessel that empties directly into the left subclavian vein
Thoracic duct
-
Spongy organ located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen
Spleen
-
This organ gets smaller with age, and may even disappear in adults
Thymus
-
What is the path that lymph makes through the body?
- Lymph capillary
- Lymphatic vessel
- Lymph trunk
- Lymphatic duct (right or left)
- Subclavian vein (right or left)
-
What chemicals are produced by damaged tissues and WBCs to stimulate immune response?
- Cytokines
- cyto - cell
- kine - movement (kinetic, kinesiology...)
-
Symptoms including pain, swelling, redness and heat are characteristic of what?
Inflammation
-
What is the name of the fluid that bathes cells and is cleaned by the lymphatic system?
Interstitial or extracellular fluid
-
What are the molecules on the outer surface of cells that identify them as "friend" or "foe"?
antigens
-
These proteins are produced by the body and bind to foreign cells and/or substances
antibodies
-
What type of immunity is the body's inborn ability to fight infection?
innate immunity
-
What type of immunity targets specific invaders adn is able to "remember" them in case of future invasion?
adaptive or acquired immunity
-
what is the complex series of reactions that activate several different pathogen-fighting proteins in the blood?
complement cascade
-
what does chemotaxic mean?
- moving towards chemicals
- chemo - chemicals
- taxic - moving towards
-
which cells are chemotaxic?
WBCs
-
lymph node
filters pathogens out of the blood
-
spleen
removes old/damaged RBCs and filters pathogens from the bloodstream
-
tonsils
structures in the throat that contain lymphatic tissue
-
thymus
secretes a hormone that helps T-Lymphocytes mature
-
neutrophil
performs phagocytosis early in infection
-
basophils and mast cells
release chemicals like histamine that promote inflammation
-
macrophages
perform phagocytosis later in infection and display foreign antigens to stimulate other cells in the immune system
-
T-lymphocytes
directly kill infected cells and remember past infections
-
B-lymphocytes
release antibodies and remember past infections
-
Which of the following is not a cell of the innate immune response? neutrophil, macrophage, basophil, b-lymphocyte
B-lymphocyte
-
What type of lymphocyte selection occurs when lymphocytes that recognize and bind to the body's own antigens are destroyed?
Negative lymphocyte selection
-
A patient receives a vaccination that causes him/her to become immune to a virus, what type of immunity is this and why?
- Artificial active immunity
- artificial because it introduces the virus to the body
- active because it stimulates a response against the virus
-
HIV decreases the immune function by infecting and destroying what cells?
Helper T-lymphocytes
-
What physiological response causes a fever?
cytokines trigger the hypothalamus to raise the body's temperature
-
B-cells are responsible for what type of immunity
antibody-mediated immunity
-
Cytotoxic T-Cells are responsible for what type of immunity
cell-mediated immunity
-
What is active immunity
when antibodies are produced by your own body
-
what is passive immunity
when antibodies are introduced to your body from an outside source
-
what kind of disorder occurs when a person's immune system attacks his/her own body?
autoimmune disorder
-
an allergy can also be called what?
hypersensitivity
-
this is a systemic, life-threatening allergic reaction
anaphylaxis
-
inflammation of the tonsils
tonsillitis
-
A chemical secreted by virus-infected cells that helps to protect neighboring cells from infection
interferon (interferes with viruses ability to replicate)
-
A chemical that stimulates macrophages and causes cell death in cancer cells
Tumor necrosis factor
-
proteins that are produced by the body to bind to a specific foreing antigen and help to destroy it
antibodies
-
a complex set of proteins in the bloodstream, that when activated, can facilitate bacterial cell lysis, attraction of WBCs to the site of infection, and stimulation of phagocytosis.
complement cascade
-
Produces plasma cells and memory cells
B-cells
-
phagocytize pathogens and display their antigens
macrophages
-
stimulate the proliferation of B-cells and T-cells
Helper T-cells
-
produce cytotoxic T-cells and memory cells
T-cells
-
Help turn off the immune response when the threat is over
Regulatory T-Cells
-
Remain dormant in the body, in case of future infection
Memory cells
-
produce antibodies
Plasma cells
-
release chemical which causes infected cells to develop holes in their membranes and die
cytotoxic t-cells
|
|