Test 7

coagulase

• Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome
• exfoliant toxin

strain of S. pyogenes carrying a prophage that codes for erythrogenic toxin, they attack RBC's

Group A streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) leads to scarlet fever

Group B Streptococcus agalactiae

Enterococcus faecalis

• Escherichia coli
• Staphylococcus saprophyticus

methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus

• nasal passages
• skin
• oral cavity
• gastrointestinal tract

• high fever (greater than 102° Fahrenheit [38.8° Celsius])
• rapid drop in blood pressure (with lightheadedness or fainting)
• sunburn-like rash on the entire body
• vomiting and diarrhea
• severe muscle aches or weakness
• bright red coloring of the eyes, throat, and vaginaheadache, confusion, disorientation, or seizures kidney and other organ failure

Bacteria infection. This bacteria attacks the soft tissue and the fascia, which is a sheath of tissue covering the muscle. NF can occur in an extremity following a minor trauma, or after some other type of opportunity for the bacteria to enter the body such as surgery. The Group A Strep infection (flesh eating bacteria) is most common with minor trauma. A mixed bacterial infection is often the cause after surgery.

• The viridians category including streptococci of human origin.
• Found in oral cavity, genitial, skin, nasophrynx.
• Assoc. with dental procedures.
• Effects the heart lining or valves, formation of thick biofilm called vegetation.

• Bacterial pneumonia
• meningitis
• otitis media (ear infection)
• bacteremia (blood stream infection)

• Common throat flora; causes .
• Meningitis, endocarditis, otitis media, bronchopulmonary infections, and neonatal conjunctivitis.
• Adult PT's with leukemia, alcoholosim, malignancy, diabetes, or rheumatoid disease are the most susceptible to it.

Streptococcus pneumoniae aka pneumococcus

• nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae
• Moraxella catarrhalis

Bacillus anthracis is among the largest bacterial pathogen, associated with livestock ( Zoonosis) . Human contamination depends on portal of entry, most common cutaneous anthrax spores that enter thru breaks in skin . More serious is pulmonary anthrax aka wool sorter disease. Portal of entry is inhalation of spores. 99% of untreated pulmonary anthrax die. Also intestinal anthrax , portal of entry is eating food.

Tetanus makes you rigid think lock jaw while botulism relaxes think botox. C. tetani and C botululinum produce the most deadly toxins known.

• Diptheria
• produces a leathery coat in the back of the throat
• greenish gray film that develops in the pharynx from the solidification of fluid expressed during inflammation
• if formed in airways can lead cause asphyxiation

• Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium
• The primary virulence factor is diptherotoxin which is toxic to upper respiratory tissue, the peripheral nervous system and the heart

• AKA Mantoux test is an intradermal test for hypersensitivity using a purified protein derivative (PPD).
• look for reaction in 48-72 hrs. called wheal (raised red bump) measure the size of the bump called in duration

test for sputum in the culture

• impact on the ecology, the are decomposers and bioremediations can help clean oil spills..
• they cause endotoxic ,shock, are an opportunistic germ that attacks the weak, burn victims, neoplastic disease, premature birth. pts. with cystic fibrosis can get endocarditis, meningitis and bronchopneumonia. healthy people get skin rash, uti and external ear infections.

• Malta fever, undulant fever and bang disease
• Symptoms:
• Fever, often rising to 104 F (40 C) or more in the afternoon
• arising and falling (undulating) fever is one of the hallmarks of the disease
• Chills, Sweats, Weakness, Fatigue
• Joint, muscle and back pain
• Headache
• It is a zoonosis that transmitted to humans from infected or contaminated animal products harboring Brucella.

• highly contagious disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis.
• It is known to last for a duration of approximately 6 weeks before subsiding.
• it is a communicable childhood infliction
• it secrets toxins that find and destroy the cilia of the respiratory tract leading to a buildup of mucus and blockage of the airway

caused by Yersinia pestis , carried by flea vector . transmitted from reservoir host to amplifying host to humans. bubonic plague the plague bacillus enters the lymph system leads to bubo s swollen lymph node lasts 2-8 days then fever, chills, h/a, nausea, weakness, tender bubo. septicemic plague is massive bacterial growth in the blood, its virulence factors create the darken skin aka black death. Pneumonic plague is localized to lungs, highly infectious thru sputum and aerosols

• Cool, pale extremities
• High or very low temperature chills
• Lightheadedness
• Low blood pressure, especially when standing
• Low or absent urine output
• Palpitations
• Rapid heart rate
• Restlessness, agitation, lethargy, or confusion
• Shortness of breath
• Skin rash or discoloration
• Nausea
• tachycardia
• can lead to organ damage due to low blood pressure

e coli.. in particular the enterotoxigenic strain of e. coli.

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an enterohemorrhagic strain of the bacterium Escherichia coli and a cause of foodborne illness