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what is the cause of most cases of osteomyelitis?
staph aureus
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in patients with UTI or IVDU, which are most common organisms to cause osteomyelitis?
- E.Coli
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Klebsiella
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in neonates,which are most common organisms to cause osteomyelitis?
haemophilus influenza, group B strep
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in sickle cell, which are most common organisms to cause osteomyelitis?
salmonella
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what is rheumatoid factor?
IgM autoAb against the Fc portion of IgG
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what is the key event in the pathogenesis of RA?
- pannus: inflamed, cellular synovial tissue which has proliferative properties, causes cartilage erosion
- can infiltrate capsule, ligaments and other supportive structures leading to subluxation and deformities as well as erosion of the bone
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which type of systemic sclerosis do you get oesophageal involvement in? and which Ab?
- limited (remember CREST)
- anti-centromere
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What are the bone metastases in prostatic cancer like?
sclerotic
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what is impetigo? and treatment?
- pyogenic infection of EPIDERMIS
- usually S.aureus
- Rx: flucloxacillin
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what is furunculosis?
- infection of sebaceous gland caused by S.aureus
- surgically drain abscess and give fluclox
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what is scalded skin syndrome?
caused by exfoliating made by S.aureus
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what is erysipelas? and cause? spread? and Rx?
- intradermal infection caused by strep progenies
- indurated hot tender red lesion clearly DEMARCATED from normal skin
- spreads rapidly via lYMPHATICS, n.b. blood cultures usually negative
- regional lymphadenopathy
- treated with iv benpen
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what is cellulitis?
- infection of subcutaneous tissue
- s.pyogenes or s.aureus
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what is gas gangrene? cause? Rx?
- clostridium perferingens infection of subcut and muscle tissue
- usually from war/field sports wounds
- Rx: benpen / metronidazole and surgical debridement
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what is necrotising fasciitis?
- rapidly spreading infection that causes necrotic liquefaction of subcut FAT
- usually polymicrobial, skin and gut flora.
- Rx: debride and broad spec abx
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out of CT and MRI, which is better for bone?
CT
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out of CT and MRI, which is better for soft tissue?
MRI
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which part of the skeleton is most commonly affected by bony mets and which is rarely affected?
- most common: skull
- rare: tibia
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what happens if you get ulnar nerve lesion at the wrist and why?
clawing of the hand due to action of unopposed long flexors
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which nerve is damaged in foot drop and which action is lost? where is the sensory loss?
- common peroneal nerve
- cannot dorsiflex the foot
- sensory loss to dorsum of foot
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which spinal nerve roots is in sciatic nerve? what does it suppler? what are branches of sciatic nerve?
- L4-S3
- supplies: hamstrings
- branches to give tibial and common peroneal nerve
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in De Quervain's tenosynovitis, which tendons are concerned?
- extensor pollicis brevis
- abductor pollicis longus
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in finklesteins test, where is the pain reproduced?
below thumb
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