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Magnesium Sulfate
Class
Electrolyte
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Magnesium Sulfate
Mechanism of action
Reduces striated muscle contractions and blocks peripheral nueromuscular transmission by reducing acetylcholine release at the myoneural junction, manages seizures in toxemia of pregnancy, induces uterine relaxation, can cause bronchodilation after beta-agonists and anticholinergics have been used.
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Magnesium Sulfate
Indications
Seizures of eclampsia (toxemia of pregnancy), torsade de pointes, hypomagnesemia, class IIa agent for V-fib/pulseless V-tach that is refractory to lidocaine.
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Magnesium Sulfate
Contraindications
Heart Blocks, myocardial damage
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Magnesium Sulfate
Adverse reactions
CNS depression, facial flushing, diaphoresis, depressed reflexes, circulatory collapse, hypotension.
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Magnesium Sulfate
Drug Interactions
May enhance effects of CNS depressants, serious changes in overall cardiac function may occur with cardiac glycosides
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Magnesium Sulfate
How supplied
10%, 12.5%, 50% solution in 40, 80, 100 and 125mg/mL
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Magnesium Sulfate
Dosage and administration
- Adult: Seizure activity associated with pregnancy: 1-4g IV/IO over 3 min; max dose of 30-40 g/day. Cardiac arrest due to hypomagnesemia or torsades de pointes: 1-2 g (2-4mL of a 50% solution) diluted in 10 mL of D5W IV/IO over 5-20 min. Torsades de pointes with a pulse or AMI with hypomagnesemia: Loading dose of 1-2 g mixedd in 50-100mL D5W over 5-60 min. IV. Follow with 0.5-1 g/hr IV (titrate to control torsades de pointes).
- Pediatric: For asthma:25-50 mg/kg (maximum dose 2 g) over 10-20 min.
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Magnesium Sulfate
Duration of action
- Onset: IV/IO: immediate, IM 3-4 hours
- Duration: IV/IO: 30 min., IM 3-4 hours
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Magnesium Sulfate
Special considerations
Pregnancy safety: Category B. Recommended that the drug not be given in the 2 hours before delivery, if possible. IV calcium chloride or calcium gluconate should be available as a magnesium antagonist if needed. Use with caution in Pts. with renal failure.
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