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COPD
A group of diseases characterized by irreversible airway obstruction.
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Emphysema
A type of COPD characterized by destruction of alveolar walls
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Chronic Bronchitis
A type of COPD characterized by a productive cough
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Asthma
A condition characterized by airway inflammation and intermittent bronchoconstriction in response to triggers
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Sinusitis
An infection of the paranasal sinuses
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Pharyngitis
An infection of the throat
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Allerigic Rhinitis
Nasal congestion triggered by exposure to allergens
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Pneumonia
An infection of the lung tissue
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Pneumothorax
When air gets trapped between the chest wall and the outer surface of the lung
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Pleural Effusion
When fluid collects between the chest wall and the outer surface of the lungs
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Hemothorax
When blood collects between the chest wall and the outer surface of the lung
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Cystic fibrosis
A genetic defect that results in excessively thick mucus production
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Nasal polyps
Non-cancerous growths inside the nasal cavity that may be related to chronic inflammation
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Atelectasis
A condition where the alveoli are either partially or totally collapsed
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The tissue that divides the left and right side of the heart
Septum
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Considered to be the pacemaker of the heart
SA or Sinoatrial node
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The type of blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
Artery
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The type of blood vessel that returns blood to the heart
Vein
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The type of blood vessel that allows the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the tissues and blood stream
Capillary
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The color you would expect oxygenated blood to be
Bright red
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The color you would expect deoxygenated blood to be?
Dark red - so dark it looks blue
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The serous membrane that surrounds the heart
Pericaridium
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The inner lining of the heart
Endocardium
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The blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary artery
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The blood vessel that returns blood from the lungs to the heart
Pulmonary vein
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The blood vessel that returns blood from the body to the heart
Vena Cava
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PTCA
- Percutaneous - through the skin
- Transluminal - inside the artery
- Cornary - Type of artery
- Angioplasty - surgical repair of the vessel
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The chamber of the heart that the vena cava attaches to
Right atrium
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The chamber of the heart that the aorta attaches to
Left ventricle
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The chamber of the heart that pulmonary veins attach to
Left atrium
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The of blood vessel that contains valves
Veins
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The upper chambers of the heart
Atrium
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The lower chambers of the heart
Ventricles
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This valve sits between the left atrium and left ventricle
bicuspid or mitral valve
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This valve sits between the right atrium and the right ventricle
tricuspid
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These arteries deliver oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle
Coronary arteries
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The phase of the cardiac cycle where the heart contracts
Systole
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The phase of the cardiac cycle where the heart is at rest
Diastole
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A condition where the heart is unable to pump efficiently
Heart Failure - CHF
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Heart tissue death due to insufficient blood supply
Myocardial infarction - Heart attack
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A narrow valve
Valuvular stenosis
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A leaky valve
valvular insufficiency
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Hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to the presence of fatty plaques inside
Atherosclerosis - only in coronary
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A type of arrhythmia characterized by erratic uncoordinated contractions
Flutter
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A type of arrhythmia characterized by rapid but coordinated contractions, sometimes reaching rates of 300 beats/minute
Fibrillation
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An irregular heart beat
Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia
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The liquid portion of the blood
Plasma
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A red blood cell
Erythrocyte
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A white blood cell
Leukocyte
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This type of leukocyte produces antibodies
Lymphocyte
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This type of leukocyte secretes heparin
Basophil
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This type of leukocyte is involved in parasitic infections
Eosinophil
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This type of leukocyte performs phagocytosis
Neutrophil
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This type of cell helps with blood clotting
Thrombocyte
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This type of cell carries oxygen
Erythrocyte
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A deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin
Anemia
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Increased numbers of white blood cells, often related to infection
- Leukocytosis
- leuko - white
- cyte - cell
- osis - abnormal condition of
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An inherited disease characterized by impaired blood clotting
hemophilia
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A deficiency of platelets
- Thrombocytopenia
- thrombo - clot forming
- cyto - cell
- penia - abnormal deficiency
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A deficiency of white blood cells
- Leukopenia
- leuko - white
- penia - abnormal deficiency
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When a chunk of a blood clot breaks loose and is carried through the circulation
Embolus
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This blood type is the universal donor
O
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This blood type is the universal recipient
AB
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Type A blood has this/these antibodies in its plasma
B
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Type B blood has this/these antibodies in its plasma
A
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Type O blood has this/these antibodies in its plasma
A & B
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List three substances that blood transports
- Gas (oxygen & carbon dioxide)
- Nutrients (glucose, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water)
- Hormones
- Platelets (clotting protein and fibrinogen)
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List 2 possible causes of anemia
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The airway that extends from the layrynx to the bronchi
Trachea
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The membrane that surrounds the lungs, decreasing the friction of breathing
Pleura
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Very small airways
Bronchioles
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The air-sacs at the terminal ends of the airways
Alveoli
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Warms and moistens inhaled air; detects smell
Nasal Cavity
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The primary muscle of breathing
Diaphragm
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The large airways that branch off of the trachea
Bronchi
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A flap of cartilage that closes off the airways during swallowing
Epiglottis
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Three scroll-like bones that split inhaled air into several smaller channels of turbulent flow
Turbinates
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The portion of the pharynx connected to the nose and containing the adenoids
Nasopharynx
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The portion of the pharynx connected to the mouth
Oropharynx
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The portong of the nasal cavity responsible for detecting smells
Olfactory region
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The portion of the nasal cavatity that contains coarse hairs that filter out particles
Vestibular region
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The process of moving air in and out of the lungs
Ventilation
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The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide with the bloodstream
Respiration
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The process where oxygenated blood exchanges gasses with the tissues
Cellular respiration
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The point where the trachea splits or bifucates, to form the bronchi
Carina
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The phospholipid that lowers the surface tension of the alveoli, preventing them from collapsing
Surfactant
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Normally, breathing rate is detemined by the level of _______ in the blood
Carbon dioxide
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How does the mucociliary elevator/escalator prevent foreign material from getting into the lungs
Mucus secreted in the bronchi, bronchioles and nose capture debris and are swept up towards the throat by CILIATED EPITHELIUM
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Which phase of breathing is considered active
Inhalation
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Which phase of breathing is considered passive
Exhalation
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Explain the process of inhalation
Diaphram goes down into the abdominal cavity, ribs expand and elevate
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Explain the process of exhalation
Diaphram returns to the thorasic region and ribs return to their relaxed position
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The function of red blood cells
to carry oxygen and wast products
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The inner lining of the heart is called...
Endocardium
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Function of platelets
Help the blood to clot
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Your patient has type O blood. What antigens does this person have in his plasma
None
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Your patient has type A blood. What Antibodies will be present on his RBCs
B
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The ability to resist infection and disease
Immunity
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Your patient has type AB blood. What antibodies will be present on his RBCs
None
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Microscopic organisms that cause disease
Pathogens
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The tissue that divides the left and right sides of the heart
Septum
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The serous membrane that surrounds the heart
Epicardium
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Function of white blood cells
Immunity of the body
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Another name for platelets
Thrombocytes
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Which type of blood vessel allows the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the tissues and the blood stream
Capillary
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Neutrophil
Performs phagocytosis
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Hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to the presence of fatty plaques
Atherosclerosis
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Basophil
secretes heparin
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Lymphocyte
produces antibodies
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Thrombocyte
helps blood with clotting
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Erythrocyte
carries oxygen
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Eosinophil
involved in parasitic infections
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A condition where the heart is unable to pump efficiently
Myocardial infarction
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The phase of the cardiac cycle where the heart is at rest
diastole
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hemophilia
an inherited disease characterized by impaired blood clotting
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Which blood vessel returns blood from the lungs to the heart
Pulmonary vein
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Another name for red blood cells
Erythrocyte
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Another name for white blood cells
Leukocyte
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Which blood vessel carries blood from the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary artery
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Which blood vessel returns blood from the body to the heart
Vena Cava
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which chamber of the heart does the vena cava attach to
Right Atrium
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Pacemaker of the heart
SA or Sinoatrial Node
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Leukopenia
A deficiency of white blood cells
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Delivers oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle
Coronary arteries
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A narrow valve
valvular stenosis
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A leaky valve
valvular insufficiency
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Heart tissue death due to insufficient blood supply
Myocardial infarction
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