The flashcards below were created by user
lacamp11
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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Describe proestrus
- vulvar swelling
- vaginal discharge (may be bloody)
- female not receptive
- estrogen levels increase
- 1-21 days
- cytology: parabasal, intermediate (Early)
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Describe estrus
- bitch stands for breeding
- LH & FSH & progesterone increase
- ovulation
- estrogen decreases
- discharge changes from bloody to straw colored
- 7-9 days
- cytology: cornified superficial cells
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Describe diestrus
- 7-9 days after LH surge
- 50-55 days
- cytology: parabasal, intermediate cells, increase in neutrophils, no RBC's
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How long does anestrus last?
120-130 days
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exudate
purulent or thickened material
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transudate
clear, not infected
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What is in light blue top blood tubes?
Sodium citrate, used for coagulation studies
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What is in royal blue top blood tubes?
no anticoagulant or sodium heparin EDTA, toxicology testing in the human field
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What are green top tubes for?
- Contain lithium (or sodium) heparin
- Avian/ exotic hematology
- Chemistry testing can be performed with plasma with this anticoagulant only.
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What are grey top tubes for?
- Contain sodium fluoride
- glucose determination studies (prevent utilization of glucose by RBCs)
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How can you tell the difference between crenation and poikilocytosis?
crenation affects all the RBC's in a given area of the film, wheras true poikilocytosis onl affects scattered cells
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What changes in the CBC would be apparent in regenerative anemia?
- reticulocytes
- anisocytosis
- polychromasia
- decreased PCV & HGB
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How long does it take for the bone marrow to respond to anemia and start to produce juvenile RBC's?
3-5 days
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What changes in the CBC would be apparent in non-regenerative anemia?
- leukopenia
- thrombocytopenia
- decreased PCV & HGB
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What is typically seen on the blood film in IMHA/AIHA?
- schistocytes (fragments of RBCs)
- spherocytes (round, dense BC's)
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Mycoplasma hemofelis (previously Hemobartonella)
small, short rounded rods alone or in chains on the surface of RBC's
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Ehrlichia canis
- rikettsial organism
- WBC parasite:looks like a small cluster of grapes
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Babesia canis
- RBC parasite (tick bourne)
- large, irregular inclusions
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Hematuria
presence of blood in the urine
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Struvite Crystals (triple phosphate)
urine pH?
appearance?
significance?
- alkaline urine
- "coffinlid" appearance
- often no clinical significance- seen occasionally in UTI
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Ammonium Urate (Biurate)
pH?
appearance?
significance?
- Alkaline, neutral, slightly acidic
- smooth or irregular shaped
- hyperammonemia due to portosystemic shunt or hepatic failure(Severe liver disease)
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Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate
pH?
appearance?
significance?
- Acidic, but any pH possible
- colorless, refractile octahedron "envelope shaped"
- Can be normal in dogs and cats
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Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate
pH?
appearance?
significance?
- Acidic, but any pH possible
- "picket fence" shaped, "dumbbell", "hemp seed"
- hypercalciuria, ethylene glycol poisoning, ingestion of oxalate-rich foods.
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Cystine
pH?
appearance?
significance?
- Acidic
- colorless, hexagonal plates
- cystinuria, an inherited defect
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PCV range for a dog
37-55
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PCV range for a cat
30-45
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Sudan stains are used to ID
fecal fat
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Which stain is used to diagnose the presence of fat in cytology skin samples?
NMB
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What disease can be transmitted by aerosolization of canine urine?
leptospirosis
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What does ID of casts in the UA mean?
the pathology is NOT in the ureter, bladder, or urethra, but ongoing in the kidneys
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How long is FFP stable if frozen in a dedicated freezer?
1 year
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In assessing titers, how long after the first serum sample is collected should the second sample be collected?
14 weeks
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How long should you watch for growth on an agar plate before reporting 'no growth'
5 days
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What are the two gram positive, spore forming rods? What is the difference between the two?
- Bacillus- aerophobic
- Clostridium- aerophilic
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Schizont
asexual development stage of an endoparasite
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Giardia is a __________ organism
protozoal
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Why is ZnSo4 often used ?
least amount of distortion
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How long does it take Toxoplasma oocysts to become infectious after they are passed in the feces?
2-4 days
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An infestation of domestic animals by lice is referred to as
pediculosis
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Yersinia pestis causes which disease and what is the vector?
Plague is the disease and the flea is the vector
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Tick saliva contains what compounds?
- anticoagulant
- anti-histamine
- vasodilatory
- antiplatelet
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IgA
found in body secretions
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IgG
neutralizes microbes and toxins
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IgM
activation of complement
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IgE
immediate hypersensitivity
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IgD
b-lymphocyte surface antigen receptor in some species
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What are the morphological characteristics of Campylobacter?
gran negative spirochete
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What are the morphological characteristics of Staphylococcus?
gram positive clusters
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Morpholgical characteristics of Streptococcus?
gram positive cocci, pairs
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T/F: as urine sits, it becomes more alkaline
TRUE
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