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1)
Anthropology/Linguistics Anthropology
- Anthropology- study of all people, at all times, and in all places. Its
- Holistic, comparative, fieldwork based, frame of refrence
- Linguistic- study of language & language use in
- social and cultural context.
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Conversation Analysis/Discourse Analysis
- Conversational Analysis- study of language in action (actual
- conversational exchanges)
- Discourse analysis- How authority
- and power are distributed and negotiated in verbal exchanges
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1)
Community of Practice, Speech
Community, Discourse System
- Community
- of practice- A group of individuals who Interact regularly, and
- develop unique ways of doing things together. (these groups develop
- around specific activities or memberships; Ex- choir practice, clubs)
- -Speech
- Community- People who share One or more varieties of
- language & the rules for using any or all of those varieties in everyday
- communication.
- - Discourse
- System- All rules for HOW to do language
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Communicative Competence
- The ability to speak a language well; the ablility to use a language
- correctly in a variety of social situations.
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Tannen: high involvement, high considerate
- -High involvement- Less pausing, More overlap (Simultaneous speech, 2
- voices going at the same time), more feedback
- -High Considerate- More pausing, less overlap, less
- feedback
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Bilingualism: Transitional and Stable
- Transitional Bilingualism- Individuals Gradually
- abandon their bilingualism in favor of speaking a more Dominant language. (complete with 3
- generations)
- Stable Bilingualism- Maintains
- bilingualism on a long term basis.
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Meta-Message & Metaphorical Code Switching
- -
- Meta-Message- Additional information
- is sent
- Metaphorical Code switching- when a switch sends a
- message
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Rule Governed” vs. alingual
Rule Governed- Plays by rules
- Alingual-
- Without Language
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Dialect, Interference & Register
- Dialect- A specific variety or subdivition of a language. A way of
- speaking that is characteristix of a particular Group
- of people; the dialects of a single language are mutually
- intelligible.
Interface-
- Register- A variety of a language that is considered appropriate in
- specific situations.
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Pidgin & Creole
Pidgin- A language that develops through Contact or out of 2 unrelated languages.
Short lived
Trade languages
- Syntax light, Vocabulary
- heavy
Creole- Complete language that has emerged out of a pidgin
- Lang. A + Lang. B +
- Lang. C = Creole
Retains syntax of dominant language
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