PRE-Test

Contracted muscles undergoing reorganization

In relaxed denervated muscles

• Platelets below 20,000
• Significant metastases
• Osteoporosis

• Primary: genetic:
• Secondary: trauma

Underdevelopment or incomplete development of a tissue or an organ.

• Avoid: Mod to heavy resistance for 3 months, wait for sternum to heal
• Pts with sternal movement or wound infection should perform LE resistance only
• Once cleared: UE 30-40%; LE 50-60%

• Reduces airway resistance by reducing bronchospasm
• Also INC BP & tachycardia

Induce bradycardia

• Glute max weakness. It is called glut max walk
• {t has trouble going up stairs
• PT: bridging

• Vision is lost slowly over time
• Cause cloudiness of lens
• Central vision lost 1st, peripheral after

Peripheral vision goes first, then central, than blindness

Compression

• Sudden, jerky, forceful and flailing involuntary movements on one side of body
• "hemi" is the clue here

Involuntary oscillatory movement that occur during voluntary movement

Axillary nerve, so weak deltoids

Randomization process to assign subjects to groups

• Alternating experimental and control conditions for a subject
• Used in single subject design

Investigates a group of subjects without a control group

• Visuospatial perceptual
• DO NOT USE gestures and demonstration
• USE verbal cues

Excessive handling of premature infant causes O2 desaturation

Closed-chain exercises are emphasized: terminal extension must be achieved in this stage

Change or difference in behavior that results from intervention

UMN

UMN

• It is a hyper metabolic state& associated with exercise intolerance & impaired cardiopulmonary function.
• HR INC
• Muscle weakness (proximal)
• Fatigue
• Tachycardia

4 electrodes criss-crossed

Loss of arm swing, reciprocal trunk movements, shuffling gait & festinating gait

Abnormal & involuntary increase in SPEED of walking in an attempt to catch up with a displaced COG due to pt's forward lean

• USED FOR: hypertension
• SIDE EFFECTS: orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy & weakness
• CAN OCCUR: hyPOkalemia, INC PVCs, muscle cramps

Visual confrontation test with a moving finger

Pen moved in H pattern to the extremes of gaze

Penlight and ruler, pt keeps penlight in focus as it moves inward from a distance of 4-6 in

Snellen eye chart at distance of 20 feet

Best for spinal fractures & cortical bones

• Dyssenergia, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia
• Movement composition is velocity dependent: higher speeds lead to more disfunction

• Downward rotation
• ADD
• Elevation

• Upward rotator
• ABD

Eccentric quad control (closed-chain)

• Lean back rest 90-110 degrees
• Add armrest
• Add lumbar support

• Barrel
• Kyphosis
• DEC in excursion

• Diabetic neuropathy
• Side effects: lymphedema, heart failure, difficulty with walking long distances

• Empty can: for supraspinatus specifically & rotator cuff
• Drop arm: rotator cuff

• Ischemia
• STOP exercises with cardiac its

Neutral warmth: wrapping or bundling

• Hemisection of spinal cord
• Ipsilateral: weakness, loss of position & vibration sense
• Contralateral: loss of pain & temp

• LOSS: UE function
• HAVE: LE function

• LOSS: sparing of tracts to sacral segment
• HAVE: perianal sensation, toe flexion

• LOSS: motor function, pain, temp
• HAVE: light touch, position sense

Spondylolisthesis

• Socket aligned in slight flexion to enhance loading of patella tendon, prevent genu recurvatum
• If aligned too far anteriorly: excessive knee flexion in early stance

• Cool
• Dry

Median nerve compression in carpal tunnel

Ulnar nerve dysfunction

de Quervain's syndrome (ABPL & ABPB)

Femoral antetorsion

INC: obstructive disease

• Ankle PF
• Anterior pelvic tilt (to maintain COG over feet)

INC knee flexion

Tibial IR, NOT genu recurvatum

Weakness in quad femoris

hamstrings

Red patches covered by dry silvery scales

• Ventricular tachycardia - EMERGENCY
• Can deteriorate rapidly into ventricular fibrillation: no CO & cardiac arrest

Leads to dizziness or weakness due to postural hypotension

Flat feet that accompany plantar fasciitis

Can be independent  with bilateral AFOs and canes

Can learn to ambulate with KAFOs and crutches, but prefer WC due to exertion

• Cortical or pyramidal tracts
• LMN: peripheral

Lumbar facet dysfunction

• Low ventilation
• If u place pt on to that area it would inc blood flow but there is no ventilation, would worsen ventilation/perfusion ratio

Parametric statistical test used to compare 3 or more treatment groups

Compares 2 or more groups but also controls for the effects of the intervening variable

Non-parametric statistics test used to compare date in the form of frequency counts

• IMPAIRED: auditory comprehension
• PT: use visual: demonstration and gesture

• IMPAIRED: motor production of speech
• HAS: understanding of verbal cue is intact
• PT: use verbal cues

• Sudden stopping of prosthesis as knee extends during late swing
• CAUSES: too much tension in extension aid & insufficient knee friction

Impaired ability of tissues to use insulin & insulin insufficiency

Loss of pancreatic beta-cell function

Abrupt onset & dry cough

Gradual onset (3 days) & productive cough

• Decreased 
• Also dec PaO2

• Bronchodilator used to reverse airway obstruction
• SIDE EFFECTS: toxicity, arrythmias & seizures

Bronchodilator used for asthma or COPD

Sensory changes

• Spastic biceps
• Spastic retraction of scapula with depression & downward elevation

• Used to compare bone to air conduction
• BC>AC=conductive deafness
• AC>BC=sensorineural deafness
• Hold vibrating tuning fork on mastoid process and than in front of ear. Which does pt hear better

Place cool or warm water in ear & observe pattern of nystagmus

• Hold vibrating tuning fork on vertex of head, ask pt which ear is louder.
• Used to differentiate between impaired and not ear

When circulation is compromised

Anterior drawer test

Calcaneofibular ligament

Achilles tendon

Presence of stress fracture or neuroma in forefoot

During swing phase of gait in inability to clear floor. Compensation is circumduction

Centralized gnawing pain with loss of proprioception

Use toe wedge, places COG backwards

High intensity exercises at fast contractions for shorter durations (less than 20 sec)

Dysfunctional facet joints

• Metabolic: high bicarbonate (HCO3) value (24 is normal, high is??
• Respiratory: CO2 is acid and should be low (30 is low, normal is???

2-4 hrs after injection

• Scaphoid pad
• Thomas heel

Pain with AROM, not both AROM & PROM

AROM & PROM

• May cause femoral ante torsion & medial knee stress
• Kids use to help with trunk control & hip stability

Pain & temp

• SI gapping
• SI compression
• Sacral thrust
• Thigh thrust test (P4)
• Gaenslen's test

• Prolonged WB
• Stairs

• Likely be able to raise arm overhead with painful arc of motion or pain at end range
• Caused by overuse

• Unrelieved by rest or nytriglicerine
• Pain increasing in intensity
• ABSOLUTE CONTRAINDICATION TO EXERCISE

• Bridging: hipe ext from ext synergy & knee flex from flex synergy
• Combines both in one, so doesn't overdo 1

ELDERLY: less scarring, DEC elasticity, DEC eccrine sweating, DEC vascular & immune responses

• Shoulder ADD
• Forearm pronation
• Flexion of elbow, wrist, hand

Contracted hip flexors

Contracted hamstring or weak quads

Posterior

Extension

• IMPAIRED: recall of recent events
• HAVE: immediate recall, long term

Agitation & wandering (sundowning) - stage II

• PLACEMENT: directly in wound
• CATHODE: wounds with bacteria
• ANODE: promote healing in clean, uninfected wounds

Concern if HR > or = to 115-120

Stronger stimulus & longer pulse duration activates descending inhibition, stimulating endorphin production

RPE

• Contralateral medial & lateral pterygoids
• Ipsilateral temporalis

• Digastrics
• Geniohyoid

Pain in calf perceived with squeezing and DF

Disc displacement

Used to determine if there is a joint restriction at MCP joints

Restrictions at PIP joints

• Proximal before distal
• Trunk segments before limb segments
• Direct lymph flow centrally toward lymphatic ducts