How does the energy of a scattered photon compare with that of the incident photon?
Less
What is the single largest source of natural background radiation?
Radon
To what height must in-wall secondary protective barriers extend?
To the ceiling
Thernoluminescent dodimeters use what type of crystals to record use?
Lithium Fluoride
As low-energy x-rays are removed from the beam, it becomes
harder
What is the thickness of a lead apron that should be worn while being exposed to radiation?
.50 mm lead equivalent
The radiation dose that, if received by the entire population, would cause the same genetic injury as the total of doses received by the member actually being exposed is called
Genetically significant dose
samller bodies within the cytoplasms are called
organelles
For optimal radiation protection, what type of film-screen system should be used?
Fast
The traditional unit of dose equivalency is the
REM
What is the annual effective absorbed dose equivalent limit for the general public(frequent exposure)?
.1 rem
Thermoluminescent dosimeters are heated and release what tyoe of energy to indicate dose.
Visible Dose
What percent of human exposure is background radiation?
82%
The photon-tissue interaction that results from very low energy x rays is
coherent
The photon tissue interaction that occurs when an outer shell electron is struck by an incident photon is
compton
what is stochastic effect?
Increased dose equals increased probability of effects
How is damage to the cell being radiated described?
Somatic
The greatest source of artificial exposure is from?
Diagnostic imaging procedures
When using a grid, radiation dose
increases
A filter is placed in the xray beam to remove
long wavelengths rays
The annual effective absorbed dose equivalent limit for the general public, assuming infrequency exposure is
.5 rem
Genetic effects follow what type of dose-response curve?
Linear-nonthreshold
Scattered photons emerging from the patient travel in what kind of paths?
Divergent
Free radicals may recombine to form
hydrogen peroxide
examples of low-linear transfer (LET) radiations include
x-rays
How dose the energy of a scattered photon compare with that of the incident photon?
Less
Germ cell division is called
Meiosis
Most damage from exposure to radiation occur as a result of
Indirect effect
Film badges are changed
monthly
The traditional unit of absorbed dose is the
Rad
How often is filtration adjusted by the radiographer
Never
Medical and dental x-rays are examples of
human produced radiation
How may cell damage manifest?
Both as loss of function and as abnormal function
What describes increased dose equaling increased probability of effects?
Sochastic effects
The process of somatic cell division called
mitosis
The photon-tissue interaction that produces scatter that exits the patient is
compton
The secondary protective barrier must overlap the primary protective barrier by at least
1/2 inch
What occurs when radiation transfers its energy to DNA
Direct effect
The SI unit for the REM is the
Sievert
Paitent dose is recorded in
RAD
Differential absorption is a result of which photon tissue interaction
Photoelectric
An area called that is used primarily by persons trained in radiation safety and wearing personnel monitoring devices?
Controlled area
The photon tissue interaction that does not occur in the diagnostic imaging is
Pair production
The law of Bergonie and Tribondeau
Immature, undifferentiated and rapidly diving cells
The unit of radiation tht takes into account the different biological effects caused by different types of radiation is the
REM
What occurs when radiation transfers its energy to the cytoplasm
indirect effect
for optimal radiation protection, what technique should be used?
High kvp low mas
Personal dosimetry report reads in _____ units
Rem or mrem
Which photon tissue interaction is responsible for producing radiographic contrast?
photoelectric
Walls that may be struck by scatter or leakage radiation require
secondary protective barriers
The photon-tissue interaction that results in absortion of all the energy of the incident photon is
photoelectric
The dose-response relationship starting no level of radiation can be considered completely safe and that the degree of response if directly proportional to the amount of radiation received in
Linear nonthreshold
The photon tissue interaction that occurs when an incident photon strikes a k-shell electron is