-
SCI -- level where you get an UMN/spastic bowel vs LMN/flacid bowl, and the primary removal method for each
- UMN/spastic: at T11 and above
- intact spinal defecation reflexes, so the primary method is digital anal stim
- LMN/flacid: T12 and below -- manual removal may be required
-
most effective screening ages for girls and boys for scoliosis
- girls: 9-11
- boys: 11-13
- bc you want to catch them just before the pubescent growth spurt
-
excessive subtalar pronation is associated with what in talus?
in tibia, femur, pelvis?
- talus: adduction, inversion, PF
- tibia, femur, pelvis: IR
-
ER of tibia, femur, pelvis is associated with what in subtalar
supination
-
how to make estim (the kind that's creating a muscle contraction) more comfortable without compromising the therapy?
- decrease the pulse duration
- could reduce intensity, but that will reduce therapeutic effect
- decreasing the pulse rate would decrease quality of contraction
-
esophageal pain refers pain to where
mid back, head, neck
-
spleen refers pain where?
- L shoulder or abdomen
- diaphram can also refer pain t shoudler
-
colon or appendix refers pain where?
lower back, pelvis, or sacrum
-
gallgbladder refers pain where?
mid back and R scap
-
vestibulocerebellum aka
- archicerebellum
- proprioception, VOR, contol muscle tone in response to vestibular stim
- coordinates muscle actions to maintain postural coordination and balance control along with eye muscle control
-
spinocerebellum / paleocerebellum controls what?
muscle tone and synergistic mvmnts of ipsilat extremities
-
basal gangila deficits present as
rigidity, bradykinesia, tremor, postural instability
-
usually the earliest indication of peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
- intermittent claudication
- usually in in calf, but can be in thigh, hip, or butt
-
constipation can refer pain to
- ant hip, groin, or thigh
- and there'll be abdominal pain and tenderness
-
if there's a lesion in the brainstem, tell me about the facial signs
they'll be contralat to limb signs
-
L2 nerve root compression pain is where?
back and front of thigh to knee
-
pain in butt, thigh, and post leg is characteristic of what nerve root compression
S1
-
pain in bladder can refer where?
medial thigh and leg
-
C spine coupled motions
- occiput - C2: SB and rot contralat
- C2-C7: SB and rot ipsilat (regardless of bent/neutral)
-
2 tests for pronator teres syndrome
- PT passively supinates
- pt pronates against resistance
- either can compress the nerve
-
ankylosing spondylitis - what, who, when
- inflam disease of axillary skeleton --> spinal fusion
- men in their 2nd or 3rd decade
-
4 sequellae to long toerm steroid use
- decreased bone density
- intercostal muscle wasting
- BP > 140/90
- barrel chest (which is seen in emphysema, not asthma)
-
after a meniscal repair, how long should a pt be nonweight bearing?
3-6 weeks
-
bruits are heard with
- atherosclerosis
- peripheral vascular disease
- I think any narrowing of artery or vein?
-
slipped capital femoral epiphysis vs legg-calve-perthes presentation
- SCFE: 10-16 y/o, m:f 3:1, painful limited ER and abd, worse in wt bearing
- LCP: 3-12 y/o, m:f 4:1, painful limited ER and abd, worse in wt bearing
-
oligoarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)
- aka pauciarticular JRA
- some combo of knees, ankles, wrists, elbosw are affected
- hips are usually spared
-
AKA pt, a prosthetic knee set too far anterior to the trochanter-to-knee line will result in what at the knee
buckling
-
AKA pt, a prosthetic knee set too far posterior to the trochanter-to-knee line will result in what at the knee
too much stability ... difficulty flexing it
-
gait in Berg vs Tinetti?
- Berg doesn't look at it
- Tinetti examines it
-
name a red flag for aortic aneurysm
throbbing LBP that occurs only w activites that increase HR
-
Lhermitte's sign
how
sign of what
- flexion of neck --> electric shock-like pain running down spine and into LEs
- posterior column damage in the spinal cord
- seen in MS
-
paresthesia vs dysesthesia
- para: abnormal sensations like numbness, prickling, tingling
- dys: abnormal and unpleasant sensations like burning or pins/needles
-
Uthoff's sign/phenomen/syndrome
- adverse reaction to heat
- worsening of neuro symptoms
- seen w MS
-
thoracic spine rule of 3
- T1-3: SPs at level of TPs
- T4-6: SPs half level below
- T7-9: SPs full level below
- T10: full
- T11: half
- T12: same
when SPs are lower, PA pressures on them will just make them glide into and compress the SP bellow, so no arthrokinematic glide will occur
-
Oppenheim's test
- run a fingernail along the tibial crest
- pos: DF of halux (like Babinski)
- indicates damage to pyramidal tract
- (Babs is for spinal cord, brain, UMNL)
-
extrapyramidal system -- 4 functions
- (1) selective activation of movements and supression of others
- (2) Initiation of movements
- (3) setting rate and force of movements
- (4) coordinating movements.
- Damage to the extrapyramidal system, but especially damage to the basal ganglia, will result in movement disorders known as dyskinesias.
-
stereognosis
ability to recognize objects placed in the hand
-
involvement of CN IX --> what
- slight dysphagia
- loss of tast in post 1/3 of tongue
- loss of gag reflex
-
deglutition
act or process of swallowing
-
involvement of CN XI --> what
- minor problems in swallowing/deglutition and phonation
- weakness in ipsilat trap and SCM
-
facial repercussions of impaired CNX
- dysphagia,
- hoarseness
- paralysis of soft palate
-
hematocrit norms (these are right, the other card is wrong)
-
impetigo
staphlococcal infection w small macules (unraised spots) or vesicles (small blisters)
- contagious skin infection, produces blisters
- usually in preschoolers, also seen in older athletes in contact sports
-
forward trunk lean in gait compensates for what weakness
quads
-
backward trunk lean in gait compensates for what weakness
hamstrings
-
excessive hip flexion in gait can be a compensation for what?
foot drop
-
hyaluronidase is used via iontophoresis for what?
edema reduction
-
when to use wide spacing of biofeedback electrodes
- looking for a motion (shoulder elev) rather than activation of one specific muscle (use narrow spacing for a specific muscle, even if it's a big one like the quads)
- a muscle that has decreased ability to recruit MUs or has a decreased number and size of MUs, use wide spacing and high sensitivity
-
L face and R body loss of pain and temp -- lesion is where?
- L posterolateral medulla
- sensory tracks (fascic cuneatus/gracilis) cross in medulla, so a lesion sup would have entirely contralat symptoms
-
female athlete triad
- osteopenia
- amenorrhea
- disordered eating habits
- common in females 14-20 y/o
-
isometric vs dymanic exercise --- changes in HR and arterial BP
isometric exercise raise them more bc dynamic exercises facil circulation while static exercise hinders blood flow
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