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lower part of the brain responsibel for a variety of vital functions and regulatory activities, including respiratory and circulatory functions
brainstem
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an outpocketing of the brain located posterior t the brainstem; primarily concerned with coordination of movement and balance
cerebellum
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largest and most superior portion of the brain responsible for intellectual activity, motor control, sensory perception, visual stimuli, smell, hearing, and other body functions
cerebrum
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rigid collars that provide partial immobilization and prevent some movement of the cervical spine
cervical collar
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force that occurs when on spinal vertebra is driven into another; may be transmitted from above or below
compressioin force
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transient loss of consciousness or neurologic function as a result of trauma to the brain
concussion
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reflex due to cerebral ischemia that causes an increase in blood pressure, decrease in pulse rate, and changes in breathing patterns
cushing's reflex
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force that involves fixed and mobile vertebrae that are bent to the point of fracture.
flexion force
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holding a patients head in a neutral position that is in line with the rest of the body
manual inline stabilization
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specialized rescue removal technique used to extricate a critical patient quickly from a vehicle crash with minimal flexion, extension, or rotation ao the spinal column
rapid extrication
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the central nervous system is composed of what 2 nervous systems?
central nervous system/peripheral nervous system
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to protrude or rupter
herniate
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the membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord
meninges
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what are the 3 layers of the meninges from the outer most layer to the inner most layer
dura, arachnoid, pia mater
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what branch of the nervous system brings information to the spinal cord and brain
sensory branch
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the nervous branch that transmits information from the brain and spinal cord to organs, muscles, and tissues, regulating their activity
motor nerves
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levels of injury above C3 causes what respiratory status and whats the treatment?
complete paralysis of all muscles of respiration/positive-pressure ventalation, oxygen
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level of injury below C5 causes what respiratory status, and treatment?
paralysis of intercostal and abdominal muscles, causing decreased tidal voulume and ineffective cough/supplemental oxygen, may require positive-pressure ventilation, suction of airway
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what are the 5 secondary complications that can occure when direct injury to the brain occurs?
- 1. hypoxia
- 2. hypotension
- 3. hypoglycemia
- 4. infections
- 5. intracranial pressure
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posture in which the arms are flexed but the legs are extended
abnormal flexion (decorticate posturing)
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posture in which the arms are extended and internally rotated at the shoulder with the wrists flexed and the legs extended
abnormal extension (decerebrate posturing)
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whats the highest score and the lowest score in the Glasgow Coma Scale Score?
15 and 3
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what are the 3 parameters of the Glascow Coma Scale Score?
- 1. eye opening
- 2. verbal response
- 3. motor response
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what are the 3 parameters for the infant glasgow coma scale
- 1. eye opening
- 2. verbal response= coos, irritable cry cries to pain, moans/grunts, no response
- 3. motor response=obeys, localizes, withdraws, flexor response, extensor responce, no response
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