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3 main sections of frontal lobe and what they control
- precentral gyrus: vol muscle activation
- prefrontal cortex: emotions and judgments
- broca's area: speech
-
main area of parietal lobe
postcentral gyrus: sensory, proprioception, pain, temp (contralat)
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temporal lobe - 3 main areas and what they do
- primary auditory cortex: receives/processes auditory stim
- associative auditory cortex: processes auditory stim
- wernicke's area: language comprehension
-
insula lobe does is where, asociated w what?
- lateral sulcus
- visceral functions
-
limbic system deals with what
instincts, emotions, feeding, aggression
-
archicerebellum / glocculododular lobe -- does what
- equilibrium
- regulation of muscle tone
- vestibulo-ocular reflex
-
paleocerebellum / rostral cerebellum / spinocerebellum - for what?
- proprioception
- modifying muscle tone and synergistic actions of muscle
- posture
- voluntary movement control
-
neocerebellum (pontocerebellum)
- smooth coordination of vol mvmnts
- ensures accurate force, direction
- important for motor learning, sequencing mvmnts
-
dorsal columns / medial lemniscal system -- do what?
- ascending sensory pathway
- convey sensations of proprioception, vibration, tactile discrim
-
2 parts of dorsal column / medial lemniscal system
- fasciculus cuneatus (UE)
- fasciculus gracilis (LE)
- they cross in the medulla
- they convey proprioception, vibration, tactile discrim
-
spinothalamic tracts convey what?
- pain and temp (lateral spinothalamic tract)
- crude touch (ant spinothalamic tract)
-
lat spinothalamic tract conveys what?
pain and temp
-
ant spinothalamic tract conveys what?
crude touch
-
spinocerebellar tracts convey what?
proprioceptive info from muscle spindles, GTOs
-
spinoreticular tracts convey what?
deep and chronic pain
-
corticospinal tracts are important for ...
vol motor control
-
vestibulospinal tracts are important for
control of muscle tone, antigravity muscles, and postural reflexes
-
rubrospinal tracts do what
assist in motor function
-
reticulospinal system is involved in what
- modified transmission of sensation, esp pain
- influences gamma motor neurons and spinal reflexes
-
tectospinal tract does what
assists in head turning responses to visual stim
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A nerve fibers are large, myelinated, fast conducting
what do the alpha conduct
proprioception, somatic motor
-
A nerve fibers are large, myelinated, fast conducting
what do the Beta conduct
touch, pressure
-
A nerve fibers are large, myelinated, fast conducting
what do the gamma conduct
motor to muscle spindles
-
A nerve fibers are large, myelinated, fast conducting
what do the delta conduct
pain, temp, touch
-
what are B fibers like
- nerve fibers that are small, myelinated, slower than A
- preganglionic autonomic
-
C fibers?
2 types
- smallest
- unmyelinated / slowest
- dorsal root: pain, reflex
- sympathetic: postganglionic sympathetics
-
state of obtundation
- pt can open eyes and look at PT but responds slowly and is confused
- decreased alertness and interest in env
- (more aroused than "stupor," less than "lethargy")
- stupor - can be aroused from sleep only by painful stim
-
unresponsive vigilance state
aka
what is it
- vegetative
- has sleep/wake cycles and normal bodily functions
- can be aroused but is unaware / lacks cognitive responsiveness
-
scoring on mini-mental state exam
- 21-24: mild cog impairment
- 16-20: mod impairment
- <15 : severe impairment
- (it's like the Rancho and Brunnstromm scales, where low is bad)
-
apneustic breathing
- abnormal resp marked by prolonged insp
- accompanies damage to upper pons
-
kernig's sign
for what?
how?
- meningeal irritation
- supine, bring knee to chest, then extend knee
- pos: pain and tightness 2/2 spasm of hamstrings
-
brudzinski's sign
for what?
how?
- meningeal irritation
- supine, flex neck to chest
- pos: this triggers flexion of hips and knees
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