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an air bubble introduced into the circulatory system (as through an open wound) that can result in obstruction of blood flow
air embolism
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cutting away of a limb or protruding structure from a persons body
amputation
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consisting of the malleus, incus, and stapes; these bones transmit sound waves to the inner ear
auditory ossicles
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a body part or structure; the part is ofen still attached to the body by a small flap of skin
avulsion
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material used to secure a dressing in place and provide pressure over the dressing to aid in control of bleeding
bandage
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injusry resulting from the severe compressing force that damages and somtimes tears soft tissues and underlaying structures
crush injury
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skin layer below the epidermis composed of dense connective tissue that contains the nerves, blood vessels, sweat and sebaceous glands, and hair follicles
dermis
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any material that covers a wound, prevents introduction of further contamination into the wound, and aids in bleeding cntrol
dressing
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balck and blue marks caused by bleeding beneath or within layers of the skin
ecchymosis
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outermost layer of skin
epidermis
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fibrous membrane covering that separates tissue from bone
fascia
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burns that involve the entire thickness of the epidermis and dermis; also called 3rd degree burns
full-thickness burns
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collection of blood beneath the skin
hemmatoma
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burns that involve the epidermis and extend into, but not through, the dermis; also called 2nd degree burn
partial-thickness burn
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outer layer of the eye
sclera
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oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands that help moisturize the skin
sebum
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burns that involve the epidermis, the superficial layer, of the skin; also called first degree burns
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the term for no blood supply in refrence to the epidermis
avascular
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whats the names and functions of the layers of the epidermis
- Outer layer(keratin) = protective barrier to infection and prevents water loss
- melanin = protects from the suns radiation
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names and functions of the layers of the dermis
- 1. blood vessels=body temp reg., constrict to conserve heat, dialate to remove heat
- 2. nerve endings=sensation
- 3. sebaceous glands(sebrum)=moisterize
- 4. sweat glands=temp reg., cool by evaperation
- 5. hair follicles=guide sweat and sebum to the skins surface
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names and functions of the layers of the subcutaneous layer
1. connecctive tissue and fat=insulation, stores energy (fat)
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small piece of skin normally holding on an avulsion
pedicle
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a dressing that seals off and prevents air from entering the wound
occlusive dressing
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the gel like fluid that fills the eye
vitreous humor
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not transparent to light
opaque
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the transparent membrane over the iris and pupil
cornea
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the opening of the eye were light comes through
pupil
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surrounding the pupil is the pigmented or colored portion of the eye
iris
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the circulating watery fluid that filles the anterior portion of the eye
aqueous humor
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when drainage of the aqueous humor is obstructed, pressure builds up and causes a condition known as:
glaucoma
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the part of the body that is located at the superior lateral surface of each eye that secretes tears is:
lacrimal glands
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what are the 3 main principles to remember when caring for an eye injury
- 1. avoid pressure
- 2. cover both eyes to limit movement
- 3. the patients cooperation is needed
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the outer visible earflap
auricle or pinna
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a curving tube leading inward throuth the temperal bone to the tympanic membrane
external auditory canal
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the eardrum
tympanic membrane
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hole in the inner ear
oval window
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the 3 bones (in order) that carry's sound from the eardrum are?
malleus(hammer), incus(anvil), stapes(sturrup)
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the middle ear communicates with the nasopharynx by the:
eustachian tube
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using the rule of nines what is the BSA for an adult for each body part?
- head and neck, each arm= 9% each
- front torso, back of torso, right leg, left leg = 18% each
- genitalia, palms = 1% each
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using the rule of nines what is the BSA for each body part of an infant?
- head and neck = 18%
- lower limbs = 13.5% each
- front torso, back torso = 18% each
- upper extremities = 9% each
- genitalia, palms = 1% each
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the 6 steps for managemet of burns:
- 1. Stop the burning process
- 2. remove the patient from the smokey enviroment
- 3. provide high concentration/flow O2
- 4. treat patient for shock
- 5. prevent infection
- 6. transport to appropiate facility
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how to manage chemical burns?
irragation with large amounts of water for 20-30 min
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