The flashcards below were created by user
Sheilaj
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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IPP in pulmonary end capillary
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connect inhalation to increased heart rate
inhale, lungs expand, pulm. vascul. expand, blood fills lungs, increases systemic venous return, right heart increase in blood, left heart less blood, less in ststemic arterial, BP decreas, via reflex from aortic arch heart rate increases
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function of nasal cavity
filtering, moistening, and warming air
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function of pharynx/larynx
getting air into the right tube and voice production
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function of trachea
conduction of air, ciliated epithelium, and cartilaginous rings
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# of lobes in right lung
3
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# of lobes in the left lung
2
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what is similar to the middle lobe
the left lingula
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oblique fissure of the lungs
right and left yes
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horizontal fissure of the lungs
right-yes, left-no
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what is the helium
where the bronchioles and pulmonary arteries enter the lungs. and where the pulmonary veins leave
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muscles of inspiration
diaphragm, scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, external intercoastals
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muscles of exhalation
abdominal muscle, internal intercostals
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function of hemoglobin
O2 carrying molecules(protein) with 4 subunits
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ventilation
air that reaches the alveoli
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perfusion
the blood that reaches the alveoli
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Alveolar pressure
pressure of air within the alveoli; ossicilates between positive and negative with breathing
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Tidal volume
amount of air that enters or leaves the lung in a single respiratory cycle
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Functional residual capacity
amount of gas in the lungs at the end of a passive expiration
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residual volume
amount of air in the lung after maximal expiration
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vital capacity
maximal volume that can be expired after a maximal inspiration
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total lung capacity
amount of air in the lung after a maximal inspiration
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what is someones weight equivalent to
anatomical dead space (conducting zone)
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what is dead space
regions containg air but without the exchanging of O2 and CO2
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what is alveolar dead space
alveoli containing air but without blood flow in the surrounding capillaries
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what is physiological dead space
anatomical dead space and alveolar dead space
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What is total ventilation
amount of air moved in or out of the lungs per minute
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equation for total ventilation
TV x RR
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what is alveolar ventilation
room air delivered to the respiratory zone per breath
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equation for alveolar ventilation
(TV-dead space)x RR
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during inspiration the IPP becomes more what
negative
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during expiration the IPP becomes more what
positive
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two components of Lung recoil
tissue and surface tension
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how is surface tension created
fluid lining the alveoli
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components of tissue
collagen and elastin fibers
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describe relationship between surface tension and the pressure inside the alveolus
- P=T/r
- T-tension
- r-radius
- can create atelectasis(alveoli can collapse)
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function of surfactant
- lowers surface tension
- promotes stability of small alveoli
- reduces capillary filtration forces
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what is respiratory distress syndrome
- infants-insufficient surfactant
- adult- acute lung injury
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symptoms of RDS
- Respiratory distress syndrome
- atelectasis, decreased compliance, pulmonary adema, increased recoil
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what is obstructive pulmonary disease
- increase in airway resistance
- chronically comes from smoking, bronchitis, coking fires
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what is restrictive pulmonary disease
increase in elastic recoil, restricts lung expansion (fibrosis, RDS, asbestiosis)
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PP of gas in inspired air
its fresh air, anatomical dead space, and small amounts of H2O from the moistening in the nose
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what is metabolic rate
rate a chemical reaction is taking place
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how do you use the PaCO2 = met./alveolar vent. equation
since met. remains constant due to constant production of CO2 you can use PaCO2 to evaluate alveolar vent.
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hyperventilation
inappropriately elevated alveolar ventilation (low PACO2)
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hypoventilation
inappropriately low aveolar ventilation (PACO2 high)
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three things that affect PAO2
atmospheric pressure, fractional concentration of O2, alveolar pressure
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things that affect rate of diffusion
- surface area
- thickness
- diffusion constant
- gradient of the particular gas across the membrane (driving force of diffusion)
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what is the concentration of oxygen in the blood dependent on
concentration of hemoglobin
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function of dissolved O2
create a force (PaO2) to keep oxygen bound to hemoglobin
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when dissociation curve shifts to the right
- Hb loses affinity for O2
- increase CO2
- increased H+
- increased temp. (higher met.)
- increased 2,3-DPG
- easy for tissue to extract O2
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