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two-column general journal
so named because it has only two amount columns, one for debit amounts & one for credit amounts
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Adjusting entries
journal entries made at the end of an accounting period to reflect changes in account balances that are not the direct result of an exchange with an outside party.
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Book value
the value carried on the books or in the accounting records.
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Chart of accounts
a list of all account used by a business
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Closing entries
are made at the end of the fiscal year.
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compound entry
a general journal entry that affects more than two accounts
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depreciable cost
the cost on asset that is subject to depreciation
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depreciation
a method of mathching an asset's original cost against the revenues produced over it's useful life.
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double declining/declining balance depreciation
a deprecition method that recognizes depreciation each year by multiplying a rate (typically double the straight-line rate) by the book value of the asset.
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fiscal year
a 12-month period for which financial reports are prepared
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fixed assets
property, plant, and equipment
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general ledger
a complete set of all the accounts used by a business
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journal
a day-by-day listing of the transactions of a business
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journalizing
entering the transactions in a journal
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long-term liabilities/long-term debit
are obligations that are not expected to be paid within a year and do not require the use of current assets.
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market value
the amount an item can be sold for under normal economic conditions
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operating cycle
the period of time required to purchase supplies and services and convert them back into cash.
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post closing trial balance
after posting the closing entries, should be prepared to prove the equality of the debit & credit balances in the general ledger accounts.
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posting
the process of copying the debits & credit from the journal to the ledger accounts
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prepaid expenses
items which are considered to be assets when acquired, but which will become expenses when consumed
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scrap value
(salvage value, residuel value) is the expected market value or selling price of the asset at the end of its useful life.
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source document
the first record of a business transaction
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straight-line depreciation
a depreciation method that reocgnizes an equal amount of depreciation each year.
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supplies
used as an expense is incurred.
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correcting entry
an entry to correct an incorrect entry that has been journalized and posted to the wrong account
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ruling method
- should be used to correct two types of errors:
- 1. when incorrect journal entry made, but not posted
- 2. proper entry made but posted to the wrong account or wrong amount
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trial balance
used to prove that the totals of the debit and credit balances in the T accounts were equal
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worksheet
a form used to pull together all of the infomration needed to enter adjusting entries and prepare the financial statements.
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chart of accounts
- 1 asset
- 2 liability
- 3 owner's equity
- 4 expenses
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The Accounting Cycle steps:
- step 1 analyze source documents
- step 2 journalize the transactions
- step 3 post to the general ledger accounts
- END of Accounting Period
- step 4 prepare a trial balance
- step 5 determine and prepare the needed adjustments on the work sheet
- step 6 complete an end of the period work sheet
- step 7 journalize and post the adjusting entries
- step 8 prepare an income statement, a statement of owner's equity and a balance sheet
- step 9 journalize and post the closing entries
- step 10 prepare a post-closing trial balance
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The Accounting Cycle
steps involved in accounting for all of the business activities during an accounting period
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deprecitation methods:
- straight-line method
- sum-of-the year's digit depreciation
- double-declining balance depreciation
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(MARCS) Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System
A depreciation method in which rates determined by the IRS are multiplied by the cost of the asset to determin depreciation expense fo the year.
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sum-of-the years digit
if an asset has a five-year life, the sum-of-the years digit is computed as follows: 5+4+3+2+1=15
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sum-of-the-years digits depreciation method
a depreciaton method that recognizes depreciation each year by multiplying a fraction by the depreciabe cost. The numerator of the fraction is the remaining life of the asset, measured from the beginning of the year. The denominator is the sum of the years digits.
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