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the layer of plasma membrane on the apical side (the side toward the lumen) of the epithelial cells in a body tube or cavity

The bottom edge of the epithelial tissue abuts the basement membrane; this bottom edge

A fibroblast is a type of cell that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen, the structural framework (stroma) for animal tissues, and plays a critical role in wound healing. Fibroblasts are the most common cells of connective tissue in animals

The fibrous protein constituent of bone, cartilage, tendon, and other connective tissue

are bundles of proteins (elastin) found in extracellular matrix[1] of connective tissue and produced by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in arteries.

is a type of fiber in connective tissue[1] composed of type III collagen secreted by reticular cells.[2] Reticular fibers crosslink to form a fine meshwork (reticulin). This network acts as a supporting mesh in soft tissues such as liver,

is loose connective tissue composed mostly of adipocytes

Is a loos connective tissue that consists of a meshwork of collagen, elastic tissue and reticular fibers.

is a type of connective tissue.[1] It has a network of reticular fibers, made of type III collagen.

has fibers as its main matrix element.[1]Dense connective tissue is mainly composed of collagen type I. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that manufacture the fibers.

• has fibers that are not arranged in parallel bundles as in dense regular connective tissue.
• This tissue comprises a large portion of the dermis.[1] This type of tissue is also in the protective white layer of the eyeball and in the deeper skin layers.

are the only cells found in healthy cartilage. They produce and maintain the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteoglycans.

One of the numerous minute cavities in the substance of bone, supposed to contain nucleate cells.

An osteocyte, a star-shaped cell, is the most commonly found cell in mature bone

One of the numerous minute cavities in the substance of bone, supposed to contain nucleate cells.

the yellow-colored liquid component of blood, in which blood cells are suspended

Red blood cell

White blood cells

• Shoulder bone (tip knott)
• Highest point of the shoulder
• Bony process of the scapula.

the area of the upper limb between elbow and hand

Cheek

Heel Bone

is the anatomical assembly connecting the hand to forearm.

Head

Neck

Tail bone

Shin

Back

• The smaller bone in the leg.
• Most lateral

Forehad bone

Ass

Big toe

Hip area

Low back

Boobies

Hand

Chin

Nose

Back of head

Elbow

Mouth

Eye

Ear

Palm

• Knee cap
• Pectoral

Foot

Pelvis

• Taint
• Area between genitalia and anus

Sole of the foot

Thumb

Behind the knee

Tail bone above coccyx

Shoulder blade area

Middle of chest

Calf (back of leg)

Ankle bones

Spine

Navel region

Plane that cuts the body into left and right

Middle of the body

Sagital just not in the middle

Cuts body into posterior and anterior sides

Cuts body into superior and inferior

• Sagittal
• Frontal
• Transverse

• Dorsal
• Cranial

• Cranial cavity
• Vertebral cavity

The brain

The spinal cord

• THoracic
• Abdominopelvic

• Heart
• liver
• lungs

Abdominal and pevic

• Large and small intestine
• Spleen
• Colon
• stomach
• pancrease
• gall bladder

• Bladder
• Genetalia

• Right/ right hypochondriac
• Epigastric
• Left and right lumbar
• Umbilical region
• Left and right iliac region
• Hypogastric region.

is a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells which secrete serous fluid, and an underlying thin epithelial layer

Same as a Serous membrane

The fluid between the layers of the serous membrane

The outer layer of the serous membrane

The inner layer of the serous membrane that is covering the organ

Skin

Glands that secrete hormones

• Chemical
• cell
• tissue
• organ
• system
• organism

• The inndermost layer of the germ cells.
• Forms stomach, colon, bladder, lungs, trachea, thyroid

• The outermost layer of the germ cells
• Forms. Hair, skin, nails, teeth and nervous tissue

• The middle layer of te germ cells.
• Forms connective tissue, muscle, cartilage and bone

• Nucleolus
• Rough ER
• Smooth ER
• Mitochondria
• Ribosomes
• Golgi apparatus
• Peroxisomes

• The power house of the cell.
• Where glycolisis and the Kreb cycle occurs.
• Has its own DNA

• Is rough due to the ribosomes
• Shuddles AA in Ribosomes with information to the golgi apparatus

They synthesize protein

Where the protein is read and sent to the appropriate site in or out of the cell

Peroxides that oxidize/break down/ neutraize free radicals.

• Breaks down lipids
• synthesises sex hormones.
• Transports lipids

• Made up of phospholipids with the hydrphobic, nonpolar tails on the inside and the polar hydrophilic heads on the outer side.
• Has integral, peripheral protiens
• Cholesterol imbeded in the plasma membrane.

Proteins on the outside or inside of the plasma membrane, not throught the lipid bilayer.

Proteins that pass through the lipid bilayer.

• Glycoproteins
• Wavy countours
• Junctional complex

• Fusion of adjacent plasma membranes.
• Impeprmeable membrane.
• (bladder)

• Anchoring junctions with Keratin filaments (intermediate filaments.)
• Runs between adjacent cells.
• Common in high stress areas such as skin, heart and uterine neck

• Communicating Junction between adjacent cells.
• Allow chemicals to pass from on cell to the next via connexons (hallow cylinders)

Channel between cells that alow electolytes to pass

• Nonpolar and lipid soluable subtance diffuse along concentration gradient through the lipid bilayer
• Passive transport. Area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Carrier-mediated trans-membrane proteins that transport specific polar molecules that are to large to pass through the membrane.

Trans-membrane proteins that transport substances such as ions or water through aqueous channels.

Diffusion of a solvent such as water though a channel prtein such as aquaporin

• Uses ATP to move solutes agains concentration gradient
• Powered by the hydrolysis of ATP.
• (Sodium potassium pump)

• Powered directly by energy stored in ionic gradients.
• Coupled system - move 2 substances at the same time.
• Symport system - same direction
• Anitport system - Opposite direction

• Inside to outside
• Ejects substance fomr the interior to the extracelluar fluid
• Examples: Hormone extretion, Neurotransmitter release, Mucus secreation

Brings stuff inside

• Phagocytosis
• Pinoytosis
• Receptor-mediated

• Type of Endocytosis
• Encloses foreign object or debris
• Infold creates a vesicle that brings large particles or macromolecules substance into cytoplasm

• Type of Endocytosis
• Bulk-phase endocytosis
• Brings fluid and disolved substance into cell
• Absorption by digestive membranes.

• Selectively brings substance into cell
• Most body cell bring in macromolecules such as enymes, insulin, hormones, lipoproteins and iron.

Part of the cytoskeleton mede of actin subunits

Part of the cytoskeleton, made of Keratin

Part of the cytoskeleton, a coil of globular "tubulin" protein.

• The thinest rods on the suface of the cell
• Brace and strenghten cell surface.
• Controls cell motility and shape

• Structures associated with movement
• All are composed of Microtubules and anchored around the Centrosome

• They attach and move spendle fibers
• Involved in cell division

Centroiles that form base of cilia that anchor and control cilia

Microtubles that move substances along the cell surface.

• Tails of a cell.
• Propel sperm

• Epithelial
• Connective
• Muscular
• Nervous

The lining/covering and secretory or glandular tissue

Is supportive and nutritive tissue

Contracts to produce movement

Integration and control tissue

• Closely packed, mostly uniform
• Avascular but innervated (nourished through diffusion)
• Cells are joined by junctional complexes
• Regenerate rapidly
• Have Apical-basal polarity

• Squamous
• Cuboidal
• Columnar

• 1 layer, absorption, secretion in filtration areas
• Thin

• 1 squashed layer that appears to be more then one.
• The key to identifying is the nucleus are not in a line and the cells are normally columnar

2+ layers, found in high-abrasion areas.

• Found in areas that stretch, such as the bladder
• Looks like balloons rising with the most fool at the top

Single layer of flattened cells with a disc-shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm; the simplest epithelia

• Allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration in sires where protection is not important.
• Secretes lubricating substances in serosae
• Thinnest tissue in the body

• Kidney glomeruli
• alveoli
• lining of the heart
• blood vessels
• lymphatic vessels
• lining of the ventral body cavity
• Capillaries

• A fried egg
• Scales
• irregular tiles

• Lymphatic vessels
• Blood vessels
• heart

• Serous membranes in ventral cavity and covering organs.
• Mesenteries and visceral pleura
• A type of Endothelium cell

Single layer of cube like cells with large, spherical central nuclei

Secretion and absorption

• Kidney tubules
• ducts and secretory portions of small glands
• Ovary surface

They look like small irregular cubes with an almost circular large nuclei

• Single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei;
• some cells bear celia;
• layer may contain mucus secreting unicellular glands (goblet cells)

• Absorption
• secretion of mucus and enzymes
• ciliated forms move mucus

• Nonciliated type line the digestive tract, gallbladder, and some excretory glands
• Ciliated type line the small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus

They are very long with the nuclei lining up

• Single layer of cells of differing heights, some not reaching the free surface
• Nuclei seen at different levels
• may contain mucus secreting cells and beat cilia

Secrete substance, particularly mucus. propulsion of mucus by ciliary action

• Nonciliated type in male sperm carrying ducts and ducts of large glands
• Ciliated variety lines the trachea, most in the upper respiratory tract.

Non-celiated pseudostratified epithelium

Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium

• Thick membrane composed of several cell layers.
• Basals cells are cuboidal or columnar and metabolically active; Surface cells are flattened.
• In keratinized type, the surface cells are full of keratin and dead
• Basal cells are active in mitosis and produce the cells of the more superficial layer.
• Basal cells of the squamous are cuboidal or columnar

High abrasion areas, such as the skin

Stratified squamous cells found in moist areas such as the esophagus, mouth and vagina

Stratified squamous cells found on the epidermis

Protects underlying tissue in areas subjected to abrasion

Lines the urinary tract where it provides stretchability

• 2+ layers
• Basal cells look cuboidal or columnar
• Surface cells look dome when not stretched.
• When stretched they look squamous

• Resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal
• Basal cells cuboidal or columnar
• Surface cells dome shaped or squamous like depending on degree of stretch

• 2+ layers of cuboidal layers
• Found in placed doing lots of secretion, not common
• Found in ovarian follicles, salivary glands, sweat glands, pancreas

• Is a type of simple cuboidal cells
• Excretes mucus, sweat, oil, saliva and bile

• Unicellular goblet cell
• Multicellular
• Excretes outside the body, such as ear wax

• Merocrine
• Apocrine
• Holocrine

• Internally secrete, into the extracellular space
• Ductless
• Secretes thyroid, thymus, ovaries, pituitary hormones

• Simple duct structure
• Compound duct structure

• Simple tubular, one column like duct
• Simple branched, three column like ducts

Multiple column like ducts