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What is the narrowest definition of the ANS?
The part of the PNS that is motor to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
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What else can be added?
Control by CNS for higher center, sensory components that provide feedback
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Somatic= ?
body wall and extremities (bones, joints, skeletal muscles, skin)
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Visceral= ?
internal organs, glands, bloods, vessels
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4 basic functional fiber types but 2 in ANS.
ANS—Visceral efferent and visceral afferent
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2 division of ANS= ?
- 1. Sympathetic
- 2. Parasympathetic
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Why is sympathetic division called thoracolumbar part of the ANS?
Preganglionic cell bodies are found in the lateral intermediate gray column from spinal cord segments from T1-L2
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Parasympathetic= cranciosacral. why?
Preganglionic nerves found in brain stem and from S2-S4
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Differences in Para vs Sym? Anatomically
- Para—synapse the target organ, long preganglionic, short post ganglionic
- Sym-- Synapse near the CNS, short preganglionic, post ganglionic
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Functional differences of parasympathetic and sympathetic?
- Para— Rest and Digest. Protective, vegetative, secretomotor
- Sym—Fight or Flight. Fear, strength, endurance, vasoconstriction
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DIfferences of PARA and SYM Pharmacologically...
- Para— ACh
- Sym—neuroepipiphrine
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Preganglionic sympathetic axons in rge spinal cord to the paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic trunk. Motor goes from the gray matter to the ventral root, to the sympathetic trunk.
- 1. Terminal at synapse of sympathetic trunk at level of entry
- 2. Ascend in the sym trunk to a higher level and then synapse
- 3. Descend in the sympathetic Trunk to a lower level and then synapse
- 4. Leave the sym trunk in a splanchnic nerve (still preganglionic fibers) and a synapse in a collateral ganglion.
- Vertebra, muscle, great vessels can synapse elsewhere
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Sympathetic fibers leaving the trunk
- 1. Postganglionic fibers leave the sym at all levels via gray communicating rami to ravel in spinal nerves in the limbs and body walls
- 2. Post gang fibers called Direct Visceral Branches leave the sympathetic trunk and go directly to thoracic viscera
- 3. Preganglion fibers leave the sym trunk in splanchnic Nerves and then synapse in the collateral ganglia in the abdomen and pelvis and synapase there onto a post ganglionic fiber
- 4. Postganglionic fibers leave the sym trunk and travel on carotoid arteries (periarterial plexus) to supple viscera in the head
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Which spinal nerves have white communicating rami and why?
- ONLY T1-L2
- Pregangllionic sympathetics leave the spinal cord only at three levels to enter the sympathetic trunk
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Which spinal nerves have gray communicating rami and why?
- All spinal nerves, postganglionic sym leave the sym trunk at all levels to enter all spinal nerves
- Therefore only T1 through L2 spinal nerves have both white and Gray communication rami
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Parasympathetics
- NO trunk of the ganglia—most are located in the target organ itself
- Origin—Brain stem nuclei of CN 3,7,9,10 and lateral intermediate gray column of spinal cord segments S2-S4
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What general areas do the cranial parasympathetics supply?
- Cranial Nerves 3,7,9 suppply viseral of the head
- CN 10 supplies viscera of thorax and part of abdomen
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