quiz5&6

a thermodynamic quantity that ist he sum of the internal energy plus the product ofo pressure and volume

the SI unit of energy

the branch of thermodynamics that focuses on the heat involved in chemical and physical change

the study of heat and its interconversions

the capacity to do work, or move matter

the energy transferred between objects because of differences in their temperatures only

the energy transferred when an object is moved by a force

the quantity of heat required to change the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1K.

the enthalpy change for the formation equation when all substances are in their standard states

the enthalpy change of an overall process is the sum of the enthalpy changes of its individual steps

a property of the system defined by its current state

the enthalpy change of a reaction

the enthalpy change accompanying the breakage of a given bond in a mole of gaseous molecules

The total energy of the universe is constant

A perfect crystal has zero entropy at a temperature of absoulte zero

Each quantized state of the whole system of molecules

the defined part of the universe under study

all parts of the universe other than the system being considered

the time-evolution of a system in which it releases free energy and moves to a lower energy state

A thermodynamic quantity that is the difference between the enthalpy and the product of the absolute temperature and entropy

the study of the relationship between chemical change and electrical work

the loss of electrons by a species, accompanied by an increase in oxidation number

the substance that accepts electrons in a reaction and undergoes a decrease in oxidation number

A process in which there is a net movement of electrons from one reactant (reducing agent) to another (oxidizing agent)

the gain of electrons by a species, accompanied by a decrease in oxidation number

the substance that donates electrons in a redox reaction and undergoes an increase in oxidation number

the charge an atom would have if the shared electrons were held completely by the atom that attracts them more strongly

the part of an electrochemical cell that conducts the electricity between the cell and the surroundings

an electrochemical cell that uses a spontaneous reaction to generate electric energy

a self-contained group of voltaic cells arranged in series

an electrochemical system that uses electrical energy to drive a nonspontaneous chemical reaction

the nonspontaneous splitting of a substance, often to its component elements, by supplying electrical energy

The potential difference between the electrodes of an electrochemical cell when no current flows

the natural redox process that results in unwanted oxidation of a metal

A battery that is not self-contained and in which electricity is generated by the controlled oxidation of a fuel