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The facial artery is located
on the medial aspect of the mandible
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The facial artery can be used to do what during anesthesia
Palpate the artery to assess blood pressure
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The coccygeal artery is located
in groove on dorsal aspect of tail
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The coccygeal artery can used for what procedure
blood pressure with doppler
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To monitor respiration of the horse listen with a stethoscope at what locations
- Trachea
- Left and right lung fields
-
Normal respiration rythm
inspiration and expiration followed by a pause
-
Abnormal or excited respiration
inspiration will be slightly longer than expiration
-
GI motility sounds
Bubbling, gurgling, rumbling
-
Cause for concern for GI motility
No sounds
-
Cecum can be heard where for GI motility
Right side
-
Dental formula for horse
3133/3133
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The wolf tooth of a horse
P1 upper jaw, does not fall out, need to be extracted
-
Rasping down sharp edges of horse teeth called
floating
-
Signs a horse needs floating
- Halitosis
- laceration of oral cavity
- difficult eating
- Head tilt
- Undigested food in feces
-
Colic refers to what
abdominal pain
-
GI causes of colic in horses
- Excessive gas
- Spasmodic colic
- Ileus (cessation of peristalsis)
- Parasitic infection
- Volvulus (torsion of sm or lg intestine)
- Intussusception
- Impaction
- Obstruction
- Displacement
- Inguinal hernia
- Ulcer
-
Management of colic
- Fluids
- Antiinflammatory drugs
- Mineral oil
- Antiflatulence meds
- Monitoring
- Antiulcer meds
-
Colitis in horses is
Acute inflammatory process of large colon and cecum
-
Laminitis (or founder) in horses is
inflammation of the sensitive laminae of the feet
-
Laminitis is caused by
- Grain overload
- Ingestion of large amounts of cold water (water founder)
- Endotoxemia
- Concussion (road founder)
- Hormonal influences
- Previous viral respiratory diseases
- Previous administration of drugs
- Overeating lush pastures, particulary in the spring
-
Clinically horses with laminitis will
- Be reluctant to move
- Be anxious
- toe point
- Rock back on heal to relieve pressure on the toe
- Be pyrexic
- Be depressed
- Be off feed
- Have increased heat in the hoof wall
- be sensitive to hoof testers
-
Management of Laminitis includes
- Antiinflammatory meds
- Isoxsuprine hydrochloride
- Nitrogylcerin
- Ace
- Fluids
- Grass hay free choice NO GRAIN
- Corrective hoof trimming
- Cold hosing or icing feet
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What surgeries are performed on horses in dorsal recumbency
- All Abdo Sx (colic, exploratory, cesarean section,umbilical and inguinal hernia repair)
- Laryngeal Ventriculectomy
- Castrations
- Arthroscopies (hock, stifle, carpus-surgeon preference)
- Neurectomy - surgeon preference
-
When positioning a horse in dorsal recumbency particular attention must be paid to
padding underneath the shoulder and gluteal muscles
-
What could happen without sufficient padding to a horse in dorsal recumbency
Myositis can develop
-
What surgeries are performed on horses in lateral recumbency
- Eye Sx
- Tooth extractions
- Mandible fracture repair
- Laryngotomy
- Laryngoplasty
- Arthroscopies (carpus, fetlocks, shoulders)
- Periosteal fracture removal
- Neurectomy (more than one branch)
- Condyle fracture removal
-
When positioning a horse in lateral recumbency how should the foreleg be positioned
the down foreleg should be pulled forward to enhance circulation and protect against radial nerve paralysis
-
What procedures can be performed on horses sedated while standing
- Extraction of wolf teeth
- Rectovaginal tears using an epidural
- Casliks procedure
- Perianal lacerations using an epidural
- Uncomplicated ovariectomies
- Tendon splitting
- Castration
- Neuroectomy (single branch)
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