Biology 30s - Final Exam Part III

too much stress against the walls of the vlood vessels or high blood pressure

not enough pressure against the walls of the blood vessels or low blood pressure

• exact cause is unknown 
• arteriosclerosis
• obesity
• lack of exercise

• hormonal changes
• blood loss
• dehydration

• exercise
• lower saturated and trans-fat intake
• don't smoke

• add electrolytes to the diet
• medication

• damage to organs and tissue
• stroke
• damage to eyes

• fatigue
• dizziness
• nausea

Varicose veins are when the veins in the lower limbs become enlarged and swollen because the valves in the veins are weak. The cause of weak valves in the veins are increased blood pressure in the legs, overweight, or venous insufficiency. Treatment for this is to not stand for long periods of time or to elevate the feet and rest. Some side effects include fatigue, tiredness, or pain.

Atherosclerosis is when plaque builds up in the arteries and hardens. This makes the heart work harder to pump blood. This can be caused by poor diet, lack of exercise, or being overweight. This increases blood pressure and can cause hypertension. Blockages may occur and can cause heart attack or stroke. This can be prevented by dieting, exercise, or medication. This can be treated by surgically removing the plaque from the artery or replacing the artery.