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Rules for establishing the maximum hours of light in the lay house
- Hours of light on longest day of the year (June 21)+1=
- Hours of light on the day pullets reach 18 weeks + 2
- Use the larger number of hours of light
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Advantages of intermittent lighting:
- Reduced power bill
- Potential for feed savings
- Potential for reduced mortality (cannibalism)
- Control egg size
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As intake of calories increases, what decreases?
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Molt/Molting
Replace old plumage with new. Under natural conditions, the molt most likely will occur int he fall of the year.
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Induced Molting
When a management technique or husbandry practice causes a bird to go into a molt
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Changes in outward characteristics when molting
- Regression of the comb and wattles
- Pigmentation (xanthrophyll) of the body parts
- Loss of weight
- Blood in the papillate of the new feathers
- Closure of the pubic bone spread
- Irritability/ Sensitivity
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What factors trigger a molt
- Decreasing day length (hours of light)-mother nature
- Cold temperatures-mother nature
- Lack of feed
- Lack of water
- Diseases/Parasites
- Feed toxins
- Nutrient deficiencies
- salt (sodium)
- Limestone (calcium)
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Age to Molt
- Single molt- 68 weeks
- Double molt -1st molt 65 weeks
- -2nd molt 103 weeks
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Molt Ration
- Grain (i.e. corn or milo)
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Control body weight
-
Factors that affect egg pricing
- Supply and Demand
- Seasonal 2 half years (October 1 to March 31 and April 1 to September 30)
- Holidays
- Weather
- Diseases/New Vaccines
- Psychological Factors (disease, salmonella, health issues)
- Nationals Markets
- Feed Prices
- Price of other commodities
-
Diseases that are prevalent all over the world
- Marek's Disease
- Infectious Bursal Disease
- Newcastle
- Avian Encephalomyelitis
- Fowl Pox
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Mareks Disease
- Leg Paralysis and Tumors
- Subcutaneous in back of neck
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Methods of Vaccine Administration
- Water-Stock solution
- Spray
- Eye Drop
- Wing Web
- Subcutaneous
- Intramuscular
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Don't vaccinate a sick bird
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Water Vaccination
- Stock solution-have to use it up in 2 hours
- 1. water
- 2. evaporated milk (stabilizer)
- 3. vaccine
- Proportioner
- Gravity flow
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Reasons for increased Consumption of chicken
- Fast food
- Health perception-white meat
- Further processing-corn dogs, hotdogs
- Low cost
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Whole Body chicken products
- Cornish Game Hen (3-3.5 weeks)
- Fryer/Broiler (40-44 days)
- Roaster (8-9 weeks)
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What two companies have offered to buy Hillshire Farms
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When Contract Raising the Bird Owner or Integrator is responsible for:
- Birds
- Feed
- Medications
- Litter Material
- Brooder Fuel
- Supervision
- Trucking
- Special (service labor)
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When Contract Raising the Contract Grower (Grower) supplies:
- Facility (Land, building, equipment)
- Day to day labor
- Electricity
- Supplies and Repairs
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Time required to grow broilers
- Cornish Game Hen (3-3.5 weeks)
- Institutional Fryer-KFC (39-40 days)
- Retail Fryer (44 days)
- Roaster (8-9 weeks)
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Rations for Broilers
- Starter
- Grower
- Developer
- Prelay
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Rations for Meat Birds
- Pre starter
- Starter
- Grower
- Finisher
- Starters have high protein
- Finishers have high Fat
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What type of vaccination is used for killed organisms (maintains antibodies in the blood)
- Subcutaneous (neck)
- Intramuscular
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California Turkey Producers
- Zacky Farms
- Foster Farms
- Conagra
- Louis Rich (owned by Oscar Meyer)
- Diestel Turkeys
- Pitman Farms
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Particle size of feeds
- Fine crumbles
- Coarse crumbles
- Pellet
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