Adaptive Immunity

• Produced by B lymphocytes
• Can be produced somewhere else but can still attack things far away, doesn't have to be close contact

• Targets your cells gone wild (t cells)
• Only cell to cell contact, T cell shave to be in close contact

• Substances that can mobilize the immune system and provoke an immune response.
• Helps distinguish self from nonself

• Have immunogenicity
• Have reactivity

Ability to stimulate formation of specific lymphocytes and antibody production

Small molecules that are reactive but not immunogenic unless attached to a protein carrier

• Not foreign to us but is foreign to others
• MHC 1 and MHC 2

• Major histocompatability complex
• Group of glycoproteins that mark a cell as self

Proteins are found on virtually all body cells except blood cells and interact with killer T cells

Proteins that are found only on certain cells that act in the immune response and interact with helper T cells

Does not respond to specific antigens but presents the antigen to the T cell

Originate from hematopoietic stem cells (adult stem cells) in red bone marrow

Able to recognize a specific antigen by binding to it

• Cell to cell, cannot travel through body (cell mediated)
• Formed in the thymus 2-3days

• Can travel through body (humoral immunity)
• Made in the bone marrow

Lymphocytes that strongly attack self-antigens and are destroyed in the thymic medullla

Weakly anti-self continue to develop and the ones that can best recognize self when attached to antigens are identified.

Negative selection for B cells

• Primary = thymus and bone marrow
• Secondary = all other lymphoid organs

Cellular proliferation and differentiation upon initial exposure to antigen

• Re-exposure to the same antigen
• Faster, stronger, last longer, bind better

• When B cells encounter antigens and produce antibodies against them
• (When your body is making them)
• Naturally - obtained by exposure 
• Artificially - obtained from vaccines

Antibodies are harvested from the serum of an immune human or animal donor.

• Called immunoglobulins
• Can fix and activate complement, circulate in the blood, can be found in body secretions etc

Are helper T cells (Th)

Are cytotoxic, killer T cells (Tc)

Involves two steps antigen binding and co-stimulations

Preference for certain classes of MHC proteins

When a T cell crawls over other cells in search of antigens that they might recognize

• Approval code
• T cell recognizing a costimulatory signal before it can make a clone.
• Required to make clones of T cells

Tissue grafts transplanted from one body site to another in the same person

• Grafts donated by genetically identical individuals
• ONLY identical twin or clone

Grafts transplanted from individuals that are not genetically identical but belong to the same species

Grafts take from another animal species

Congenital and acquired conditions in which the production or function of immune cells, phagocytes, and complement is abdnomral

When the body produces antibodies and killer T cells that destroy its own tissues

Destroys the white matter of the brain and spinal cord

Impairs communication between nerves and skeletal muscle

Prompts the thyroid gland to produce excessive amounts of thyroxine

Systemic disease that affects the kidneys, heart, lungs, and skin

Severe impairment of renal function

Systematically destroys joints