Which nutrient used for fuel is typically reserved for other processes
protein
Glycogen
a carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose with a highly branched structure.
glycogen is the storage form of glucose in____ and is synthesized ( and stored) in the ___ and ___
humans. Liver and muscles
carbohydrates are the main source of fuel for cells in the ___, ___ and ___/
brain. nervous system. red blood cells.
carbohydrates provide on average __ kcal per gram.
4
carbohydrates are readily available fuel for cells in which two forms?
glucose and glycogen
glycogen stored in the liver is used to...
mainain blood glucose oncentrations in times when you havn't eaten for several hours or the diet doesn't supply enough carbs
liver glycogen stoes are depleted in how many hours?
18
If you don't have any carbohydrates in your liver the body takes carbs from...
This leads to...
breaking down proteins in the body
loss of muscle tissue
for adequate energy your diet should be what percent of carbohydrates?
45% to 65%
carbohydrates are made up of what?
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
simple carbohydrates are calle
sugars
complex carbohydrates are called
starches or fibers
fibers are soulible/unsoulible
unsoulible
starches are soulible/unsoulible
soulible
monosaccharides and disaccarides are referrred to as
simpel sugars
Summarize photosynthesis
plants use carbon, dioxide, water, and energy to produce glucose. glucose is stored in the leaf. can undergo further metabolism to form starch or fiber. with more nitrogen from air or soil, glucose can be transformed into protein.
the three monosaccharides are..
glucose, fructose, and galactose
the major monosaccharide in the boyd is ...
glucose
glucose is known as..
dextrose
glucose in the blood stream may be called..
blood sugar.
sucrose is made up from..
glucose and fructose
fructose is also called..
fruit sugar
fructose is abosorbeed by the
small intestine
once absorbed by the small intestine fructose is transported to the.. where it is quickly/slowly metabolized
liver quickly
if there is too much fructose in your diet the remain fructose can be converted to..
other compounds such as fat
galactose has nearly the same structure as..
glucose
galactose is typically bonded to... making...
0glucose , lactose
lactose is found in..
milk and milk products
after lactose is digested and absorbed, ____ and ___ arrive in the liver
glucose and galactose
Galactose is transformed into glucose in the liver or further metabolized into..
glycogen
sucrose is found naturaly in..
sugarcan, sugar beets, honey, and maple sugar
Animals do not produce...
sucrose
animals mainly produce this type of carbohydrate
glycogen
fermentation
the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohols, acids, and carbon dioxide without the use of oxygen.
polysaccharides
carbohydrates containing many glucose units, from 10 to 1000 or more
amylose
a digestile straight-chain type of starch composed of glucose units.
amylopection
a digestible branched chain type of starch composed of glucose units
Maltoseis the result of two...
glucose molecules bonded together.
maltose is used mainly in..
alcoholic beverages
poly means
many
polysaccharides are also called
complex carbohydrates or starch
polysaccharides are found in
grains, vegetables, and fruits
"other carbohydrates" mainly refers to ..
starch content
plants store two types of human digestible carbohydrates..
amylose and amylopection
amylose is found in
vegetables, beans, breads, pasta and rice
cellulose can/can not be digested by humans
can not
enzymes break down starches with glucose only at ...
the end of a glucose chain.
which is digested faster? amylose or amylopectin. Why?
amylopectin because the branches provide more sites for the enzymes to to latch on to
glycogen is store in the..
liver and muscles
glucose available in body fluids provide only how many kcal
120 kcal
cellulose
an undigestible nonfermentable straight-chain polysaccharide amde of glucose molecules
fiber is made up of mostly
polysaccharides,
fiber is not a single substance but
a group of substances with similar characteristics
fibers groups are..
cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins, gums and mucilages and lignin(lingin not a carbohydrate)
the majority of these fibers are/are not dissolvable in water.
are not
nonfermentable fiber
a fiber that is not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria
whole grains
grains containg the entire seed of the plant, including the bran, germ, and endosperm (starchy interior). such as whole wheat and brown rice.
dietary fiber
fiber found in food.
nonfermentable or insoluble types
non carbohydrate form / carbohydrate form
noncarbohydrate's form of fiber is... that....
an example is...
lignin
increases fecal bulk
whole grains, wheat bran
carbohydrate's form of fiber components are.... that... and...
examples are
cellulose, hemicelluloses
increases fecal bulk, decreases intestinal transit time
all plants, wheat products , wheat, rye, rice, vegetables
