Nutrition ch 3

which of the following substances increases the amount of glucose available in the blood?

Pituitary gland secretes what

pancreas secretes what?

Thyroid gland secrets what?

Adrenal glands secrets what?

Epinephrine targets where?

Insulin targets what?

Growth hormone targests what?

____ immunity does not require a previous encounter with a pathogen

Identify the nutrients that play a role in immune health

An individual and HIV and incresed risk of food borne illness, famine and increased rate of infections, impaired wound healing due to citamin c deficiency are all part of nutritional staus that affects...

immunoglobulins are also known as ..

A deficiency of __ ___ __ negatively affects skin health.

Bacterial eye infections are common in developing countries , often as a result of a deficiency of which nutrient?

Intestinal cells form an important barrier to invading microorganisms by 1. 2. 3.

In the intestinal cells, what binds to invading microorganisms and prevents them from entering the bloodstream

Diarrheal disease can result from deficiencies of...

True or false : adequate nutrition is necessary to protect the health of the intestinal tract
True False

____ is a packaging site for proteins used in the cytoplasm or exported from the cell

enzymes are made of

Lingual Lipase and Salivary amylase are two components of the liquid called___, which is produced by glands in the mouth

Lymph contains what three parts?

Vitamins and minerals suppport metabolism by..

when a nutrient requires a carrier protein and energy in order to be absorbed, this is called

which of the following are involuntary processes? chewing, absorption, breathing, swallowing?

the primary treatment for gallstones is

In contrast to the small intestine, the large intestine...

what are the main organelles?

The large intestine primary absorbes...

The stomach primary absorbes

The small intestine primarily absorbes

List the organs of digestive tract in order, from start to finish.

Hepatic refers to what?

List the main organ systems

List the necessary nutrients to protect the health of the intestinal tract.

The chemical breakdown of starch that occurs in the mouth is due to the enzyme action of ..

Pepsin breaks down...

Identify the organs that work together to maintain the acid-base balance of the blood

name roles of the endocrine system

Fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed into the

Norepinephrine is..

Kidneys, bladder, ureters make up the .... system

why would drinking milk and cream not be good treatment for the relief of ulcer pain

There is very little absorption of nutrients in the stomach except for some...

What cellualar structure houses DNA

The large vein that carries blood containig absorbed nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract directly to the liver for metabolism before nutrients are circulated to the rest of the body is known as...

Increasing fiber and fluid consumption is adequate to correct mild cases of

Two organs the produce most of the digestive enzymes

___ are the chemical messengers of the boyd

True of False: Hormones are available only to certain receptor proteins
True False

Carbohydrates three main functions?

Transporting absorbed nutrients to the liver to be processed before being released into the general bloodstream is referred to as

The brain relies on __for energy

The excahnge of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the blood and the cells throughout the body occurs accross the cells lining the....

The role of benefical bacteria in the large intetine is to ...

Identify genetic variations that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.

True or false: for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, insoluble fiber is more effective than soluble fiber.
True False

___ metabolism can take place in the cytoplasm of the cell,

___ metabolism take place in the mitochondria

Peroxisomes contain the enzyme __ which neutralizes hydrogen peroxide in the cell.

What type of nutrients are absorbed into the hepatic portal vein and eventually to the liver before they enter the general circulation

__ soluble nutrients enter the lymph system whereas __ soluble nutrients enter portal circulation

A compartment, particle, or filament that performs a specialized function whitin a cell is an

what are funcions of the cardiovascular system?

Amylase is the enzyme needed to digest....

Bile is stored in the

The site of most nutrient absorption is in the

True or flase: the cell membrane is a lipid bilayer of phospholipids
True False

what are functions of the urinary system?

Enterohepatic circulation refers to the absorption of components of.... follwed by

Act that banned increases in insurance based on genes

The storage form of glucose in the body is

Hormones bind to a receptor on a ___ target tissue

Hormones act on target tissues that are ___ from the site of hormone production in the body

Hormones are

People with ulcers shoudl refrain from the use of NSAIDS because the reduce the ___ secreted by the stomach

In those with celiac disease, exposure to ___ causes the villi of the small intestine to flatten

The junction between the lymphatic system and the cardiovascular system is located near the

T/F: cells need water, building supplies, and chemical regualtors to function properly
True False

waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract are called

___ are organelles that digest worn-out or damaged cell components

Identify the roles that protein plays in the cell maembrane

Nutrition therapy for mild cases of constipation includes

The processs of using the instructions cntained the RNA to synthesize a new protein on a ribsosome is called

Which of the follwing accessory organs stores bile?

compartment, particle or filament, performs a specialized function describes what?

Large dosages of vitamin 1 ( more thatn 3 times the RDA)

___ is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein

The circulation of water-soluble nutrients from the GI tract to the liver is via the

Identify grains that should be eliminated from the diet of someone with celiac disease.

The contraction of muscles in the esophagus is called

Which type of tissue allows secretion absorption and exretion??

Tendons and cartilage are made of what kind of tissue?

If the diet is lacking in a specific nutrient, it will....

The lining of the stomach is protected from the acidic environment by...

which organ secretes bicarbonate into the small intestine to neutralize chyme as it moves from the stomach into the small intestine?

Facilitated diffusion

passive diffusion

active absorption

In order for the nutrients from the foods we eat to be utilized, they must first be

The main function of the lower esophageal sphincter is to

The intestinalcells are involved in immune defenses because they

A genogram (family tree) can be useful for assessing your risk for which of the following conditions? osteoporosis, breast cancer cardiovascular disease, influenza

How fiber works in reducing constipation 1.2.3.

irritable bowel syndrome is more common in younger men/women

___ plays a role in the formation of the myelin sheath

order of three parts of GI tract

Calcium is stored in..

glucose is stored in

fat is stored in

What two hormones increase blood glucose?

The contents of the stomach pass thorugh the pyloric sphincter at the rate of a ___ at a time

what substance is necessary for the body to absorb citamin b 12?

T/F Only the enzymes form the digestive system are made of protein

one substance responsible for the digestion and absorptionof  fat in the small intesitine is

Most of the digestive and absorptive processes are

List three organs that are important parts of the digetive system even though they do not com in direct contact with food mater in the gastrointestinal tract

t/R nutritional status has no effect on organ function

During the depolarization phase of nerve impulse transmission, ___ ions flow into the neuron and ___ ions flow out of the neuron.

An example of a probiotic food would be

large dietary fats are absorbed from the small intestine into the

in the liver and muscle cells, glycogen is the short-term storage form of

During protein synthesis, RNA is translated by the____

the large intestine can absorb remaining

Gall stones may develop during rapid weight loss or prolonged fasting due to the

The heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins make up what system

The genetic information nondiscrimination act of 2008

During the process of transcription

T/R: located in the cytoplasm, the endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubes that are continuous with the outer membrane of the ell nucleus.
True False

In someone with cystic fibrosis , fat digestion is impaired due to

as a signal is transmitted along a neuron, there is a net loss of ___ from the neuron

which nutrients are absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine via active absorption?

Lipids are absorbed via

which of the following nutrients are absorbed directly into the blood and transported by the hepatic portal vein to the liver?

Sue has type 1 diabetes and takes daily insuilin injections.. this means there is a breakdown in which system?

Nutrigenomics focuses on the interactions between

___ bind to invading microorganisms and prevent them from entering the bloodstream

T/F nutrition influences gene expression
True False

Which yields energy? Fat minerals vitamins carbs protein

the __ within the phagocyte is responsible for the ultimate digestion fo the invading antigen

The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are part of the digestive system but are considered to be___ structures

Three functions of epithelial tissues are to

T/F: carbohydrates on cell membranes are involved inthe identification of cells by the immune sytem
True False

The endocrine system is related to nutrition through

A protease assists in the digestion of which macronutrient?

T/F peptic ulcers occur only in the stomach
True False

Two common results of undernutrition as related to an impaired immune system include

The initail phase of energy metabolism begins in the

which of the folling are componets of blood

the digesting food remains in the stomach for approximately

During the process of gene expression, after RNA transcribes the DNA code

Identify the nutrients that are absorbed via passive diffusion

which of the follwing occurs when a person with heartburn takes an atacid?

___ is the storage form of glucose in the body

The primary site for storage of fat is the

Chyme is formed in the

the 5 primar taste senstations are sweet, sour, salty, bitter and

Soluble fiber is ___ efective than insoluble fiber

Insulin lowers blood glucose by

treatment for cystic fibrosis includes the provision of digestive __ in capsule form

Carbohydrates can be stored for a short time in the

overconsumption of some nutrients maybe harmful becasue some might be

Self-contained , living structures that join together to form tissues are

The __ system is an example of an organ system

Development of __ cancer is strongly influced by genetics

during gene expression, translation takes place in the

These nutrients can be absorbed by the cells lining the stomach

the villi facilitate absorptionof nutrients in the small intestine by

Identify causes of Hemorrhoids

Name the high - engergy compound generated by the metabolism of carbohydrates, fasts, and proteins in the cells

Which of the following are functions of the lymphatic system?

Filtering the blood is a function of the...

Gene

chromosome

"heartburn"doesn't involve the heart at all: it is a pain in the chest caused by

which of the following are functions of the nervous system?

Chyme is formed in the ___ as fod is mixed with digestive secretions

long term use of antibiotics can kill the bacteria in the large intestine, therby leading to

__is achieved when certain immune cells recognize foreign cells and directly attack and destroy them

Most ulcers are now attributed to infection with H.pylori,. other risk factors that may contribute to the development of an ulcer include

how are nutrition and genetics linked

Identify the part of the cell responsible for genetically controlling the actions that occur in the cell.