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What does the thyroid hormones effect?
- metabolism
- cardiac function
- growth
- development
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What are the actions of thyroid hormone?
- Stimulation of energy use
- stimulation of the heart
- promotion of growth and development
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What are the 2 types of thyroid hormone?
T3 and T4
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How many iodines does thyroxine have?
4
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How many iodines does Thiiodothyronine have?
3
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What does a physician first check for when checking thyroid levels?
they check the TSH levels
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What results from severe deficiency of thyroid hormone?
- myxedema (adults)
- cretinism (infantcy)
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What is the symptoms of hypothyroidism?
- pale puffy expressionless face
- cold and dry skin
- brittle hair
- high heart rate
- lethargy and fatigue
- intolerance to cold
- impaired mentality
- If you have 3 or more symptoms--> maybe check thyroid function
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what are the causes of hypothyroidism?
- due to a malfunction of thyroid
- chronic autoimmune thyroiditis
- insufficient iodine in the diet
- sugical removal of thyroid
- insufficient secretion of TSH and TRH
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what are the treatments for hypothyroidism?
- levothyroxine (T4)
- Liothyronine (T3)
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what can happen to a child if the mother has hypothyroidism during pregnancy?
neuropsychologic deficits in the child
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what are the 2 forms of hyperthyroidism?
- graves' disease
- toxic nodular goiter (plummer's disease)
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What is the cause of hyperthyroidism?
thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs)
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what is the treatment for hyperthyroidism/
- surgical removal of thyroid tissue
- destruction of thyroid tissue
- suppression of thyroid hormone synthesis
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when and how should you take levothyroxin and synthroid function?
on a empty stomach and at the same time of day every day
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What causes Thyroid Storm?
significant stress (surgery,illness etc.)
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what are the signs of thyrotoxic crisis?
hyperthermia(105 degrees), severe tachycardia, restlessness, agitation, tremor, unconsciousness, coma hypotension, heart failure
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what is the treatment for thyrotoxic crisis?
- potassium iodide, PTU, and beta blocker
- sedation, cooling, glucocorticoids, IV fluid
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what is the drug of choice for hypothyroidism?
levothyroxine (Synthroid)
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What is T4 converted to?
T3
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What is the half life of sythroid?
7 days
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what is levothyroxine (synthroid)?
T4
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what are the adverse effects of synthroid?
- tachycardia
- angina
- tremors
- can intensify effects warfarin
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what are the adverse drug interactions of synthroid?
- drugs that reduce levothryoxine absorption
- drugs that accelerate levothyroxine metabolism
- warfarin
- catecholamines
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What does propylthiouracil (PTU) do?
inhibits the thyroid hormone synthesis
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what is the half life of PTU?
75 minutes
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how long do you have to take PTU to get the full benefits?
6-12 months
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therapeutic uses of PTU?
- craves disease
- adjunct to radiation therapy
- preparation for thyroid gland surgery
- thyrotoxic crisis
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Adverse effects of PTU?
- agranulocytosis
- hypothyroidism
- pregnancy and lactation
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What is radioactive iodine 131 used for?
graves disease to destroy thyroid gland
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how long does it take for iodine 131 to get full effect?
2-3 months
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who is eligible to use iodine 131 treatment?
patients over the age of 30
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what is Lugol's solution (nonradioactive iodine) used for?
used to suppress thyroid function in preparation for thyroidectomy
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adverse effects of nonradioactive iodine
- brassy taste
- burning sensation in the mouth and throat
- soreness of the teeth and gums
- frontal headache
- coryza
- salivation
- various skin eruptions
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Why is PTU not an effective way to treat hyperthyroidism?
because you have to take it multiple times a day due to the low half life
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