ARC Final Exam

• The 4 cornered archway that holds up a dome
• -Hagia Sophia is an example

• The Russian/Alaskan domes
• -St. Basil's is an example

• -Plain exteriors, intricate interiors
• -Complex interiors
• -Central plan
• -Domes/onion domes rest on pendentives
• -Surfaces have mosaics meant to communicate mysticism of Christianity

• These mosques have square or rectangular plans with an enclosed courtyard and covered prayer hall. Had lots of columns to support them
• -Allowed for large crowds to gather comfortably in desert climate
• -Lots of floor space for prayer
• -Large minarets to effectively tell followers when to pray
• -The quibla and mihrab remind followers of the direction in which to pray

• Main mosque wall that faces Mecca
• -Great Mosque at Samarra had this

• Niche cut into the qiblah (Mecca wall) indicating direction to Mecca
• -Great Mosque, Samarra had this

• Small area in a mosque where the preacher stands to give sermon
• -Great Mosque, Samarra had this

• The tower in a mosque where an announcer calls muslims to prayer
• -Great Mosque Samarra had this

• An archway that makes more than a 180 degree circle and resembles a horseshoe
• -Great Mosque at Cordoba had this

A cross shaped building

• Greek: Plus sign
• Latin: Typical

• -Relic: A biblical artifact usually shown and kept in a reliquary
• -Reliquary: The object/area in the church where the relic is held
• -St. Foy had this

• The middle area in the church where the intersect of the cruciform plan occurs
• -St. Foy had this

• Area between the nave and the altar that provides seating for the clergy and choir
• -St. Foy had this

• Area between the choir/aspe and the relic chapels (reliquary) where patrons can walk
• -St. Foy had this

• The sides (smaller sides) of a cross plan church
• -St. Foy had this

• The entrance hall of a church
• -Durham Cathedral has this

• The space between posts, columns, or buttresses
• -St. Foy has this

• Basically the reliquary in a church
• -St. Foy has this

• The sides of a church where people can walk around in
• -St. Foy has this

• Vaulting with six parts to it
• -Durham Cathedral has this

• A structure built against or projecting from a wall which serves to support or reinforce the wall
• -St. Foy has this

• The bell tower of a church
• -St. Foy has this

• The center hall/main area of the church
• -St. Foy has this

• A separate, centrally-planned structure surrounding the baptismal font
• -San Giovani is an example

• A church that is on a pilgrimage route
• -St. Foy is one

• -Flying buttressing
• -Pointed arches
• -Ribbed Vaulting
• -Light building form
• -Verticality
• -Lots of windows
• -Chartres Cathedral is one

• A large and circular and flower pattern-like window on the front of a gothic church
• -Norte Dame cathedral is an example

• An arched gallery within the thickness of inner wall that stands above the nave of a church. It occurs at or below the clerestory windows
• -Chartres Cathedral has this

• Nave, gallery, triforium, clerestory
• -Chartres Cathedral has this

• Gothic style vaulting with many ribs in the shape of a fan
• -King's College chapel is an example

• -Early Christian: Longitudinal and centrally planned churches, cruciform shape, etc.
• -Byzantine Churches: plain exterior, complex interior, centralized plan, domes on pendentives, mosaics on walls

• Istanbul, 532  Architects: Isodorus and Athemios
• -Large dome that collapsed many times
• -Cascading domes
• -4 minarets
• -Heavy building but dome seems to float
• -Buttressing on dome
• -A basilica and central plan hybrid
• -Plain exterior and nice interior

Charlemagne tried to emulate Justinain and Constantine by building a centrally planned chapel (1st floor) yet with a throne room 2nd floor) to combine church and state

• St. Foy as example
• -Towers
• -Semi-circular arches vs. gothic pointed arches
• -Cross plan
• -Groin vaulting
• -Symmetrical plan
• -Thick walls and heavy building

• Italy
• -Freestanding campanile
• -Projecting aspe (altar)
• -Small windows
• -Small relief carvings
• -Little emphasis on verticality
• -Crossing often has a dome
• France
• -High aspe
• -Radiating chapels
• -Windows of increasing size and coupled
• -Often 3 portals (entrances)
• Germany
• -Crossings with an octagonal tower
• -Aspes at both ends of the church
• -Portal to the side and richly decorated
• -Both apses flanked by towers
• -Wooden roofs common

• Romanesque
• -High aspe
• -Radiating chapels
• -Windows of increasing size and coupled
• -Often 3 portals (entrances)
• Early Gothic
• -Higher walls
• -Flying buttresses
• -Sexpartile vaults
• -Quadrepartile elevation
• High Gothic
• -Lighter building form
• -Taller buildings
• -Went from quadripartite to only nave, triforium, and clerestory
• -4 ribs vs. 6
• -Higher and more sophisticated flying buttresses

• French
• -Emphasis on height and verticality
• -Similar style to one another, unlike English style
• -3 portals and a rose window
• -2 large towers on ends of entrance
• -Some major churches without transepts or aisles
• English
• -Extreme length and emphasis on horizontal
• -Very stylistically diverse
• -Double transepts
• -No stylistic unity within individual church
• -Almost always a tower at the crossing
• -Richly decorated
• Italy
• -Use of contrasting venire
• -Plan usually symmetrical
• -Aspe with mosaic
• -Few and widely spaced columns
• -Architectural elements usually painted to contrast instead of blend
• -Dome over crossing
• -Smaller windows
• -Freestanding campanile and baptistery

• Cordoba, Spain  8th century
• -Many many columns in brown and beige
• -Hypostyle mosque
• -Like a sea of columns
• -Columns not all the same because of spolia
• -Stacking of arches for a high ceiling
• -Built on top of a church
• -Horseshoe arches, plaster designs
• -Was a church, then mosque, and then back to a church

• Conques, France 1120 AD
• -Pilgrimage church
• -Holds "St. Faith"
• -Relic was stolen and brought here
• -Typical Latin cross plan
• -Single aisle
• -Buttress
• -Radiating chapels
• -Groin vaulting
• -Nave 68 feet-Radiating chapels stick out of exterior

• Chartres 1194 AD
• -Pilgramige church
• -Had Mary's tunic as a relic
• -Originally had a wooden roof
• -3 entrances all brought to center
• -Larger nave
• -Spoke-like flying buttress
• -Open ambulatory
• -Two large (and different) towers
• -Very open interior plan
• -First high gothic cathedral
• -Very tall clerestory windows

• 1220AD  Salisbury England
• -404 ft tower (at crossing)
• -Oldest working clock
• -Double transepts
• -Rib vaulting
• -Octagonal chapter house
• -Tall (but not vertical) and very decorative
• -Statues carved into side