The flashcards below were created by user
lacythecoolest
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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4 gases that occur in the atmosphere and cycle globally
- carbon
- oxygen
- sulfur
- nitrogen
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3 less mobile elements cycle on a more local level
- phosphorus
- potassium
- calcium
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what element do sea turtles recycle back into the earth
calcium from eggs
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what is phosphorous used for
ATP
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trees hide CO2 from the atmosphere
sequestering
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sediment from the bottom of the ocean being uplifted
- geological uplifting
- long term
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short term- biogeochemical cycling
- loop cycle
- gulls eat fish, poop on land
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poop that's used for phosphate fertilizer
guano
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sources that gives off material
burning fossils
increased carbon
sinks
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what plays a key role in general pattern of chemical cycling
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what changes the rates at which nutrients cycle in different ecosystems
rates of decomposition
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Story of Hubbard Brook, NH
- resource center w/ water sheds
- clear cutting trees
- N2 60 times more then should be because trees take up the nitrogen from the soil
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rain type gutters that are buried in the hill and measure flow through the soil
Lymsimitor
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Where is decomposition highest?
- tropics
- more H2O + more heat = more decomposition
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what is the main cause of acid precipitation
combustion of fossil fuels
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what two chemicals in rain and snow are damaging ecosystems downwind from industries?
nitric and sulfuric acid
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what is it called when pollution is coming from industrial sources
transboundry pollution
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the amount of living matter in a given habitat, expressed either as the weight of organisms per unit area or as the volume of organisms per unit volume of habitat.
biomass
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how long until chemicals leave the body
clearance rate
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how long chemicals stay in the body
residences time
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where in the trophic levels is toxins more concentrated
higher levels, where biomass is lower
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place where birds pick up radioactive material
cooling ponds
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what time of the year is CO2 higher and lower?
- lower in the summer
- higher in the winter
- bc plants breathing in summer, taking in CO2
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graph used for monitoring CO2 levels in the atmosphere, on plaques
Keeling Curve
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another close planet with high levels of CO2
venus-and its extremely hot
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what shape is the world
oblique sphere
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tallest mountain from base
Mauna Kea
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tallest mountain from sea level
Everest
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ozone at street level
smog
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two things ozone layer protects humans from, health wise
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percent our ozone has decreased in the last 20 years
2-10%
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what deal reduced CFC emissions
Montreal Protocol
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place where ozone is very thin certain times of the year
atmosphere hole
- Australia
- ozone pulled by S. Pole
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how much of current plant and animal species will disappear in the next 100 years if continued at current rate
more than half
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club of species with fewer than 100 individuals
- Hundred Heartbeat Club
- Havard biologist E. O. Wilson
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3 levels that need biodiversity
- genetic
- species types
- ecosystem
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this helps us to recognize the value of biodiversity for its own sake
human biophilia
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some practical benefits for humans to not decrease biodiversity
- pharmaceuticals
- aspirin- willow trees
- inhibits cancer-periwinkle alkaloids
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encompass all the processes through which natural ecosystems and their species help sustain human life
ecosystem services
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4 examples of ecosystem services
- purification of air & water
- detoxification and decomposition of wastes
- cycling of nutrients
- moderation of weather extremes
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4 major threats to biodiversity
- habitat destruction
- introduced species
- overexploitation
- disruptions of "interaction networks
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what is the greatest threat to biodiversity throughout the biosphere
human alteration of habitat
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how have human alteration destroyed habitats
fragmenting
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tourist from Germany introduced disease to bats
- white nose syndrome
- lack of bats=more mosquitos & pollinators
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ways humans are trying to make up for fragmented land
- habitat corridors
- will help maintain biodiversity
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when companies clear cut forests the piece of land they leave
habitat island
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whats the problem with habitat islands
- too small
- increase extinction rate
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5 introduced invasive species
- zebra mussels
- purple loosestrife
- Kudzu
- nutria
- brown tree snakes
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story of zebra mussels
- come from ballistic water in ship belgers
- out compete/source with natives
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story on purple loose strife
- invasive species planted because their pretty
- outcompeted with cattails which are food source for bugs
- Beetles eat them, so now bugs on road
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beetles only eating purple loosestrife
host specific
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story on brown tree snakes
- stowed away on plane tires to Guam
- eat eggs & lizards
- killed 12 bird species & 6 lizard species off
- filled rats with Tylenol and pushed out of planes with parachutes
- get stuck in trees, brown snakes eat and die
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story on Kudzu in south carolina
- planted by construction and roads to stop erosion, grows a foot a day
- over weekend plant would be over cars, telephone poles ect
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Nutria story
- brought here for fur trade
- crates broke they escaped and are now responsible for the mud flats
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human harvesting of wild plants or animals at rates exceeding the ability of populations of those species to rebound
overexploitation
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example of overexploitation
bluefish tuna
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the most we can take and will still sustain to the following year
maximum sustainable yeild
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4 examples of overexploitation
- blue fin tuna
- cape cods lack of cod
- elephants getting killed for tusks
- long line fisheries-killing other species in the process
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type of biology that attempts to sustain the biodiversity of entire communities, ecosystems, and landscapes
conservation biology
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part of landscape ecology, which seeks to make biodiversity conservation part of land-use planning
ecosystem management
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type of species that shapes the whole landscape
keystone species
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3 examples of keystone species
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2 types of human activity that alter landscape structure
fragmentation and edges
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3 reasons why are corridors important
- reduces inbreeding
- genetic bottleneck
- gene pool diversity
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two types of corridors
- pipe under roads
- bridges over roads
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2 protected hot spots
- madagascar
- NW Hawaiian Island National Marine Monument
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small area with great concentration of endemic species and many endangered and threatened species
biodiversity hot spot
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biodiversity islands in a sea of habitat degraded by human activity
nature reserves
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issues with nature reserves
- larger animals require more extensive habitats to sustain a population
- grizzly bears in Yellowstone
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model that recognizes that conservation often involves working in landscapes that are largely human dominated
zoned reserve model
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place where conservation of biodiversity was facilitated with government and private citizens
Costa Rica
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2 problems with nature reserves
- hunters waiting at federal reserve line
- hunters on air planes shooting polar bears
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how much has costa rica set aside for zoned reserve land?
US?
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Biophilia
- basic connection w/nature
- stewardship of the planet
- separate wants from needs
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