chapter 11

• 33 Vert
• -Cervical
• -Thoracic 
• -Lumbar
• Sacrum & Coccyx
• Load Bearing
• Permits movements
• Protects Spinalcord

• 3-dementional cylinder ecompasing bodys center of gravity
• -Muscles maintain spine in a neutral postural zone

• Core musculature
• -more superficial
• -Produce movement

• core musculature
• -deeper
• -local
•      -stiffness and stabilty to spine 
•      -Deeper
• -Global
•     -Produce trunk motion

• -Lifestyle choices or life experiences
• -Nervous system and pain-sensitive structures contribute
• -poor posture
• -bad body mechanics & improper lifting

• -Silent Injury
• -damage over time
• -repetitive motion

• -Muscle tension
• -Arthritis
• -Bone Spurs
• -Degenerated Disk (Squished Down)
• -Herniated disk

• Aesthetic Benefits
• -Important for non-verbal communitatipn
• Allows body segments to be balanced
• -shock absorbtion

• Minimal stress on vertebral joints
• body segments balanced around center of gravity

• -body alignment problems
• -hereditary
• -congenital and disease conditions
• enviormental conditions
• -poor fitness
• -lack of knowladge
• -bad habits

• -Head centered
• -Chest high
• -shoulders down and back
• -abs flat
• -knees straight and relaxed

-dicapline that uses biomechanical principles to develop tools and workplace settings that put the least amount of stress on the body

Performed with normal body posture, mechanics, and movement in mind

Extremes of hyperflexion & hyperextension

• may violate normal body mechanics
• joints ligaments at risk for injury

• Family history
• Age

• postural:poor postural habits
• physical:poor fitness
• Behavioral:Lifestyle

• -Keep lower back flat when standin
• -avoid slouching while sitting
• -lying with knees and hips bent
• -Firm matress

• -strengthen abdomen muscles
• -strengthen hip extensors
• -stretch hip flexors
• -stretch hamstrings

• -Avoid crazy workouts
• _avoid jerky back movements
• -Avoid improper lifting and carrying