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What kingdom incorporates mycology?
Kingdom Fungi
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Two groups in Kingdom Fungi
- Macroscopic fungi: Mushrooms
- Microscopic fungi: Molds and yeasts
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How do fungi obtain food?
They are heterotrophic
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Mycoses
- Fungal infection
- Possibly parasites living on the tissues of other organisms
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Growth temp for fungi
20-40 degrees celcius
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Where are fungi present?
- EVERYWHERE
- Air, Dust, Fomites and normal flora
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Are fungi normally pathogenic or non pathogenic?
- Non pathogenic
- Only 300 species(100,000 total) have been linked to diseases in animals
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What causes human Mycoses?
True fungal pathogens and opportunistic pathogens
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True/Primary pathogens
Fungal pathogen can invade and grow in a health noncompromised host
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Termal Dimorphism
- Ability to grow as different structures
- Grow as molds at 30 Celsius and yeast at 37 celsius
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Adapting to host by switching from hyphal cells to yeast cells is an example of what?
Thermal Dimorphism
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What are the 3 portals of entry for fungi
- Primary mycoses- Respiratory portal; inhaled
- Subcutaneous- inoculated skin; trauma
- Cutaneous and superficial- contamination on skin surface
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Virulence Factors of fungi
- Thermal dimorphism
- Toxin production
- capsules and adhesion factos
- keratinases
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What are some human defense mechanisms against pathogens?
- Antifungal defenses are the integrity of the barriers and resp. cilia
- Most important: Cell mediated immunity(phagocytosis) and inflammation
- Long term immunity does not occur in most cases
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Is immunization effective or non effective for mycotic infections?
Usually not effective
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Some control agents of mycotic infections are what?
- Amphotericin B, Flucytosine, Azoles, nystatin
- In some cases surgical removal of damaged tissues
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5 types of mycoses
- Systemic
- Subcutaneous
- Cutaneous
- Superficial
- Opportunistic
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3 types of systemic mycoses
- Histoplasmosis (ohio valley)
- Coccidioidomycosis (valley fever)
- Blastomycosis (
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Systemic Mycoses
- Deep tissue/Lung pathogens
- May also involve multi organ infection
- Healthy people may also become infected
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Histoplasma Capsulatum (about, transmission, treatment)
- Systemic Mycoses
- Most common true pathogen
- Causes Histoplasmosis
- Dimorphic
- Transmission: Bird poop -> mold -> spores -> lungs -> multiple organs(immunocompromised)
- Treatment: Amphotericin B/ ketoconazole
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Blastomyces dermatitidis (about, transmission, treatment)
- Systemic Mycoses
- Causes blastomycosis
- Dimorphic
- Can cause chronic cutaneous, bone, and CNS complications
- Transmission: Inhaled spores from mold in soil
- Treatment: Amphotericin B
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Coccidioides immitis (about, transmission, treatment)
- Systemic Mycosis
- Causes coccidioidomycosis (valley fever)
- Found in ALKALINE soils in southwest US
- Transmission: same as histo
- Treatment: Amphotericin B
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Subcutaneous Mycoses
Subdermal/ deep tissue infection but reamins localized
Sporothrix schenckii
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Sporothrix schenckii
- Subcutaneous Mycoses
- Causes sporotrichosis (rose-gardeners disease)
- Dimorphic
- Very common that decomposes plany matter in soil
- Infect appendages and lungs
- Trasmission: When contaminated plat matter penetrates the skin and the pathogen forms a nodules then spreads to LYMPH NODES
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Cutaneous Mycoses
Infects the skin or finger nails
Dermatophytoses
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Dermatophytoses
- Cutaneous Mycoses
- Infections strictly confined to keratinized epidermis (skin, nails, scalp)
- AKA ringworm or tinea
- Transmission: Natural reservoirs (humans animals and soil); Public showers, swimming areas
- Long infection period followed by localized inflammation and allergic reactions
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Tinea Capitis
Ringworm of the scalp
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Tinea corporis
Ringworm of the body
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Tinea curis
- "Jock Itch"
- Ringworm of the groin
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Tinea unguium
Ringworm of the nails
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Teina Pedis/Manuum
Ringworm of the foot/hand
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Treatment of dermatophytoses
Topical antifungal agents
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