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Atom:
- The smallest particle of an element that retains its identity.
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Electron:
A negatively charged particle within the nucleus.
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Subatomic particle:
A particle that's smaller than the atom.
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Nucleus:
- The positively charged center of an atom.
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Proton:
A positively charged particle that's in every atomic nucleus.
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Neutron:
An uncharged that's part of almost every atomic nucleus.
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Energy levels:
- A possible level of energy an electron can have in an atom.
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Atomic number:
- The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
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Mass number:
The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
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Isotope:
One or two of more forms of an element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
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Bohr-Rutherford Diagram:
- A diagram of the atom in which a central positive nucleus is surrounded by electrons in energy levels.
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Atomic mass:
The average mass of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element.
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Periodic table:
- A system of organizing elements into columns and rows.
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Metal:
An element that's hard, shiny, malleable, ductile and a good heat and electricity conductor.
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Non-metal:
An element that's not hard, shiny, malleable, ductile and isn't a good heat and electricity conductor.
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Metalloids:
An element that share some metal and non-metal properties.
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Period:
A horizontal row of elements in the Periodic Table.
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Group:
A vertical column of elements in the Periodic Table.
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Alkali metal:
- Are all shiny, soft, highly reactive metals
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Alkaline earth metal:
Are elements that are shiny, silvery-white, somewhat reactive metals
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Halogens:
Contains elements in all three states of matter. Can be used as disinfectants and are toxic.
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Noble Gases:
They are elements that are odorless, colorless and low reactivity.
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Valence electron:
An electron in the outermost occupied energy level of an atom.
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