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aggression
Behavior whose purpose is to harm another
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assertiveness
behavior intended to express dominance or confidence
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catharsis
discharge of aggressive impulses
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cognitive-neoassociation thory
- theory that any unpleasant situation triggers
- a complex chain of internal events, including negative emotions and
- negative thoughts; depending on other cues in the situation, these
- negative feelings will be expressed as either aggression or flight
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culture of honor
- set of societal norms whose central idea is
- that people (particularly men) should be ready to defend their honor
- with violent retaliation if necessary
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defensive attributional style
tendency to notice threats and interpret other people's behavior as intended to do one harm
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differential parental investment
principle that animals making higher investment in their offspring will be more careful in choosing mates
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direct aggression
behavior intended to hurt someone to his or her face
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displacement
indirect expression of an aggressive impulse away from the person or animal that created it
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effect/danger ratio
assessment of the likely beneficial effect of aggressiveness balanced against the likely dangers
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emotional aggression
hurtful behavior that stems from angry feelings
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excitation-transfer theory
- theory that anger is physiologically similar
- to other emotional states and that any form of emotional arousal can
- enhance aggressive responses
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frustration-aggression hypothesis (original)
theory that aggression is an automatic response to any blocking of goal-directed behavior
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frustration-aggression hypothesis (reformulated)
theory that any unpleasant stimulation will lead to emotional aggression to the extent that it generates unpleasant feelings
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indirect aggression
attempt to hurt another person without obvious face-to-face conflict
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meta-analysis
statistical combination of results from different studies of the same topic
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instrumental aggression
hurting another to accomplish some other (nonaggressive) goal
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psychopath
- individual characterized by impulsivity,
- irresponsibility, low empathy, grandiose self-worth, and lack of
- sensitivity to punishment; such individuals are inclined toward acting
- violently for personal gain
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relative deprivation
the feeling that i have less than the other people to whom I compare myself
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sexual selection
- form of natural selection favoring
- characteristics that assist animals in attracting mates or in competing
- with members of their own sex
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social learning theory
theory that aggression is learned through direct reward or by watching others being rewarded for aggressiveness
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type A behavior pattern
- group of personality characteristics,
- including time-urgency and competitiveness, that is associated with
- higher risk for coronary disease
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weapons effect
tendency for weapons, such as guns, to enhance aggressive thoughts, feelings, and actions
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