an egg which has a shell that is seriously stained or which has adhering foreign material. Cannot be sold for consumer use; however can be converted to egg products
Dubbing
The surgical removal of the comb.
Prevents: injury/cannibalism/frostbite
Evaporative Cooling
lowering environmental temperatures through the use of water evaporation. use of water saturated fiber cells to cool the air as it enters the building.
Evisceration
the removal of internal organs or viscera
Feed Conversion
a measure of feed efficiency
Filler-Flat
a tray molded of wood pulp or plastic designed to hold and protect eggs during handling and transportation
Fowl
Refers to any poultry species. We only eat poultry.(All poultry are fowl but not all fowl are poultry)
Lighting Controls:
Sexual Development
Feed Intake
Growth rates
Cannibalism
Time of day
When eggs are laid
Longest Day of the year
June 21st
Shortest Day of the year
December 21st
Replacement Pullets and light
Day length should be fixed or decreasing
Laying Hens and Breeders and Light
Either fixed or increasing
Broilers and Turkeys for Meat and Light
Provide a day length that will maximize feed intake
Week 1: 24 hours of light
Week 2: 12-16 hours of light
Intermittent lighting can be used to control
reduce feed intake
reduce cannibalism
reduce egg size
reduce power bill
"Ascetes"
Foot candle needed to stimulate a chicken
0.5-1
Too much light will:
Power bill increases
Cannibalism increases
Control Light intensity by:
Correct bulb size
Dimmers
Foot candles for people to see birds:
7 foot candles
Lighting for Replacement pullets
Constant light
Stepdown-stepup lighting program
Proper lighting methods for poultry
All artificial light in the morning and let them go to bed with the sunset
Stepdown-stepup lighting programs
Look at chart in packet
Use of Intermittent Light:
0 to 18 weeks of age: fixed or decreasing
19 to 40 weeks of age: increasing then fixed
at 40 weeks of age: on 4:00 off at 4:45 = 12 hours of light
at 44 weeks of age: on at 4:00 off at 4:30 on at 42 week on at 5:00 off at 5:30 on at 6:00 off at 6:15 = 8 hours
at 46 week of age: on at 4:00 off at 4:15 on at 5:00 off at 5:15 = 4 hours of light
Hours of light for Broilers
Week One: 24 hours
Week 2-6: 12-16 hours
Last Week: 24???
Aorta Rupture
?
Hours of light for Turkeys
Week one: 24 hours
Week 2-7: 12-16 hours
Grow Facility: No Lights
Types of Lighting
Incandescent
Fluorescent
Incandescent Lighting
Not used very often anymore because it is inefficient
Fluorescent Lighting
4 tube
Youtube ?
Circulite
Replacement Pullet Lighting Program Example
Step down, step up program
22-24 hours first 3-4 days
Last week is hours of light on light chart
drop .25 every week
take sunrise and add 30 mins
Lighting examples from packet
Percent Mortality (%)
Starting number-Ending number Starting number of birds X100
Percent Hen-Day Production Rate (%)
Eggs Laid (21-60 Weeks of Age)/ Hen-Days X 100
Percent Hen-Housed Production Rate (%)
Eggs Laid (21-60 Weeks of age) / Hen housed Days X 100
Eggs Per Pullet Housed (21-60 Weeks)
Eggs Laid (21-60 Weeks) / Starting Number of Birds
Feed Conversion (Lbs per dozen 21 to 60 weeks of age)